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Table 1 Background characteristics of patients with DLB according to clinical department subgroups

From: Differences in the treatment needs of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and their caregivers and differences in their physicians’ awareness of those treatment needs according to the clinical department visited by the patients: a subanalysis of an observational survey study

 

P-group

(n = 134)

G-group

(n = 65)

N-group

(n = 49)

Total

(N = 248)

p-value

Patient’s age (y)

79.5 ± 6.7

80.9 ± 5.8

76.0 ± 6.7

79.2 ± 6.7

 < 0.001

Patient’s sex (M/F)

66 / 68

25 / 40

31 / 18

122 / 126

0.032

Patient’s education history (y)

11.7 ± 3.0

11.0 ± 2.2

12.8 ± 2.9

11.8 ± 2.9

0.005

Institute

 University hospital

66 (49.3)

20 (30.8)

37 (75.5)

123 (49.6)

 < 0.001

 Non-university hospital

38 (28.4)

1 (1.5)

12 (24.5)

51 (20.6)

 Clinic

30 (22.4)

44 (67.7)

0 (0.0)

74 (29.8)

Patient’s initial symptom domain

 Cognitive impairment

52 (38.8)

38 (58.5)

6 (12.2)

96 (38.7)

 < 0.001

 Parkinsonism

8 (6.0)

0 (0.0)

30 (61.2)

38 (15.3)

 Psychiatric symptoms

45 (33.6)

10 (15.4)

10 (20.4)

65 (26.2)

 Eating behavior-related problems

1 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.4)

 Sleep-related disorder

18 (13.4)

12 (18.5)

2 (4.1)

32 (12.9)

 Autonomic dysfunction

2 (1.5)

4 (6.2)

1 (2.0)

7 (2.8)

 Sensory disorder

6 (4.5)

1 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

7 (2.8)

 Unknown

2 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

Time since initial symptom domain onset

 Less than half a year

2 (1.5)

1 (1.5)

4 (8.2)

7 (2.8)

0.059

 More than half a year but less than 1 year

9 (6.7)

14 (21.5)

3 (6.1)

26 (10.5)

 More than 1 year but less than 3 years

29 (21.6)

16 (24.6)

12 (24.5)

57 (23.0)

 More than 3 years but less than 5 years

38 (28.4)

15 (23.1)

10 (20.4)

63 (25.4)

 More than 5 years

49 (36.6)

18 (27.7)

18 (36.7)

85 (34.3)

 Unknown

7(5.2)

1 (1.5)

2 (4.1)

10 (4.0)

Time since diagnosis of DLB (m)

28.7 ± 24.6

27.7 ± 27.3

39.3 ± 42.4

30.5 ± 29.7

0.072

Patient’s symptom domain

 Cognitive impairment

133 (99.3)

65 (100.0)

24 (49.0)

222 (89.5)

 < 0.001

 Parkinsonism

102 (76.1)

46 (70.8)

43 (87.8)

191 (77.0)

0.096

 Psychiatric symptoms

116 (86.6)

57 (87.7)

38 (77.6)

211 (85.1)

0.250

 Eating behavior-related problems

35 (26.1)

24 (36.9)

7 (14.3)

66 (26.6)

0.025

 Sleep-related disorder

59 (44.0)

19 (29.2)

13 (26.5)

91 (36.7)

0.033

 Autonomic dysfunction

64 (47.8)

30 (46.2)

12 (24.5)

106 (42.7)

0.015

 Sensory disorder

16 (11.9)

4 (6.2)

7 (14.3)

27 (10.9)

0.327

Concomitant drugs

 Cholinesterase inhibitor

119 (88.8)

59 (90.8)

14 (28.6)

192 (77.4)

 < 0.001

 Memantine

19 (14.2)

17 (26.2)

9 (18.4)

45 (18.1)

0.121

 Levodopa

47 (35.1)

10 (15.4)

40 (81.6)

97 (39.1)

< 0.001

  Daily dose of levodopa

244.5 ± 149.5

310.0 ± 237.8

383.3 ± 237.3

286.0 ± 193.5

0.052

 

(n = 41)

(n = 10)

(n = 15)

(n = 66)

 

 Zonisamide

9 (6.7)

3 (4.6)

4 (8.2)

16 (6.5)

0.735

 Dopamine agonist

7 (5.2)

3 (4.6)

7 (14.3)

17 (6.9)

0.070

 Anticholinergics

3 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (1.2)

0.275

 Antipsychotics

29 (21.6)

4 (6.2)

1 (2.0)

34 (13.7)

 < 0.001

 Yokukansan

20 (14.9)

22 (33.8)

2 (4.1)

44 (17.7)

 < 0.001

 Other CNS drugs

37 (27.6)

11 (16.9)

8 (16.3)

56 (22.6)

0.121

 Anti-constipation drugs

24 (17.9)

10 (15.4)

6 (12.2)

40 (16.1)

0.642

 Anti-dysuria drugs

7 (5.2)

4 (6.2)

4 (8.2)

15 (6.0)

0.761

MMSE-J total score

19.9 ± 6.0

20.3 ± 5.5

24.0 ± 4.9

20.8 ± 5.9

 < 0.001

NPI-12 total score

18.7 ± 17.5

15.3 ± 15.8

9.7 ± 13.4

16.0 ± 16.6

0.004

MDS-UPDRS Part III total score

23.1 ± 19.8

21.2 ± 19.3

31.9 ± 20.9

24.3 ± 20.2

0.012

MDS-UPDRS Part II total score

11.1 ± 10.3

7.6 ± 8.9

18.2 ± 11.4

11.6 ± 10.7

 < 0.001

CFI score

2.5 ± 3.3

2.5 ± 2.6

1.6 ± 3.1

2.3 ± 3.1

0.151

J-ZBI_8 score

9.2 ± 6.5

7.1 ± 4.9

7.5 ± 7.2

8.3 ± 6.3

0.059

Caregiver’s age (y)

65.4 ± 12.4

63.2 ± 14.7

66.2 ± 11.4

65.0 ± 12.9

0.408

Caregiver’s sex (M/F)

32 / 102

23 / 42

16 / 33

71 / 177

0.190

Caregiver living with the patient, Yes

108 (80.6)

49 (75.4)

43 (87.8)

200 (80.6)

0.254

Caregiver’s time spent with the patient (h/d)

14.7 ± 8.8

13.0 ± 9.3

17.0 ± 8.0

14.7 ± 8.9

0.060

  1. Data are mean ± standard deviation or n (%)
  2. p-value: In three-group (P-, G-, and N- group) comparisons, one-way analysis of variance was used for continuous data, and Fisher’s exact test was used for frequencies and percentages
  3. Other CNS drugs included antidepressants (amitriptyline, clomipramine, sertraline, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, duloxetine, mirtazapine, trazodone) and anxiolytics (lorazepam, clonazepam, clotiazepam, diazepam, etizolam, bromazepam, alprazolam, tandospirone)
  4. Anti-constipation drugs included linaclotide, elobixibat, magnesium oxide formulations, polyethylene glycol formulations, sennosides, diphenyl, mosapride, Chinese herbal medicine excepting irritant laxatives, and other
  5. Anti-dysuria drugs included imidafenacin, oxybutynin hydrochloride, fesoterodine fumarate, mirabegron, vibegron, and urapidil
  6. Abbreviations: CFI Cognitive Fluctuation Inventory, CNS Central nervous system, DLB Dementia with Lewy bodies, F Female, G-group Geriatric internal medicine group, J-ZBI_8 Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, M Male, MDS-UPDRS Japanese version of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MMSE-J Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, N-group Neurology group, NPI-12 Japanese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-12, P-group Psychiatry group
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193