Fig. 3

Histological staining of Aβ pathologic features in the brain of T2DM monkeys. A-B Images of DAB staining of the brain of representative symptomatic T2DM group (A) and NC group (B) showing 6E10 immunoreactivity. High-magnification images show Aβ plaques in different brain regions on the right. C Quantification of Aβ plaques in the brain of T2DM group and NC group. D The detection of Aβ plaques by Thioflavin S staining. E The detection of Aβ plaques by Congo red staining. F The histological visualization of Aβ plaques by silver staining. G Levels of Aβ in the cortex of monkeys were measured using Western blot analysis. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Statistical differences are evaluated with a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (n = 6/T2DM group; n = 3/NC group) (p > 0.05 = ns; p ≤ 0.05 = *; p ≤ 0.01 = **; p ≤ 0.001 = ***). Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B), 50 μm (A, B a–d, D-F).