Fig. 4

Average 24-h activity curves and functional principal components analysis for Parkinson’s disease. A Average activity curves in individuals who progressed to Parkinson’s disease (red) or matched individuals who did not progress to Parkinson’s disease (blue). Each plotted point represents a 30-s epoch of average activity. Daytime activity levels are visibly lower in individuals who progressed to Parkinson’s disease. B Four components were derived from 24-h data from individuals who progressed to Parkinson’s disease and matched controls. The solid line represents the same average activity curve in each of the four plots, plotted against clock time. Each of the four components is visualized by showing the average weight of positive fPCA scores (dashed) or negative scores (dotted) added to the average activity pattern. C For the first component, the right violin plot shows weights (scores) for every individual, with a black bar representing the group mean