Table 1 Participant demographics

Age at visit, mean (SD)

56.9 (11.2)

58.1 (9.2)

63.3 (9.6)^a,b

77.5 (11.2)^a,b,c

< 0.001

Sex, female (n, %)

51 (63.8)

64 (65.9)

91 (47.4)

2 (50)

0.01

Education years, mean (SD)

14.5 (3.1)

14.6 (2.7)

13.6 (3.8)

8.5 (5.9)^a,b,c

< 0.001

Visual Cognitive Assessment Test, mean (SD)

27.02 (2.3)

26.9 (2.3)

25.3 (3.7)^a,b

17.5 (6.1)^a,b,c

< 0.001

History of diabetes (n, %)

9 (11.3)

9 (9.3)

36 (18.8)

0 (0)

0.09

History of hypertension (n, %)

15 (18.8)

22 (22.7)

55 (28.6)

2 (50)

0.19

History of hyperlipidemia (n, %)

25 (31.3)

34 (35.1)

91 (47.6)

1 (25)

0.03