Table 1 Demographic data of participants along AD continuum

Demographics

 Age (years)

75.2 ± 8.4

74.9 ± 7.5

75.4 ± 9.2

75.7 ± 9.6

0.123

 Male, N (%)

17 (42.5%)

17 (35.4%)

7 (26.9%)

9 (47.4%)

0.367

 Education (years)

16.1 ± 2.4

16.6 ± 2.4

15.8 ± 2.3

15.3 ± 2.4

0.144

 APOE ε4, N (%)

9 (23.1%)^a

22 (45.8%)^a

15 (57.7%)

11 (57.9%)

0.763

Vascular risk factors

 Hypertension, N (%)

14 (35.0%)

22 (45.8%)

13 (50.0%)

8 (44.4%)

0.630

 Diabetes, N (%)

3 (7.5%)

6 (12.5%)

0

0

0.128

 Hyperlipidemia, N (%)

16 (40%)

26 (54.2%)

12 (46.2%)

8 (44.4%)

0.608

 Smoking, N (%)

6 (15.0%)

9 (18.8%)

6 (23.1%)

1 (5.6%)

0.458

 Heart disease, N (%)

6 (15.0%)

4 (8.3%)

4 (15.4%)

3 (16.7%)

0.701

Imaging characteristics

 TIV (mm³)

1483.4 ± 147.4

1461.7 ± 150.0

1457.2 ± 147.0

1467.4 ± 207.8

0.901

 WMH burden

 − 0.006 ± 0.505

0.391 ± 0.723

0.418 ± 0.646

0.868 ± 0.532

 < 0.001

 Presence of lacune, N (%)

2 (5%)

5 (10.4%)

2 (7.7%)

1 (5.3%)

0.781

 Presence of microbleed (%)

4 (10%)

3 (6.3%)

3 (11.5%)

6 (31.6%)

0.036

 Global Aβ burden (SUVR)

1.024 ± 0.047

1.298 ± 0.178

1.458 ± 0.201

1.417 ± 0.161

 < 0.001

PVS rating score

 Basal ganglia PVS

2.00 (2.00–3.75)

2.50 (2.00–3.00)

3.00 (1.00–3.25)

3.00 (1.00–4.00)

0.041

 White matter PVS

2.00 (2.00–2.75)

3.00 (2.00–3.00)

2.00 (1.75–3.00)

3.00 (2.00–3.00)

0.987

 Choroid plexus volume

1.085 ± 0.339

1.005 ± 0.244

1.061 ± 0.232

1.229 ± 0.225

0.029

 DTI-ALPS

1.355 ± 0.155

1.341 ± 0.106

1.255 ± 0.161

1.154 ± 0.184

 < 0.001