Fig. 6

Extensive astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation in the monkey hippocampus after hTau overexpression. A Representative images of GFAP immunostaining demonstrate astrocytic activation within the monkey hippocampus. The number of GFAP⁺ cells increased significantly in the monkey hippocampus after 10 weeks of hTau overexpression. The dashed lines separate neighbouring regions of the hippocampus. Scale bar, 1 mm. B Representative images of GFAP immunostaining showing the transition of astrocytes from a resting state to a reactive state in the monkey hippocampus after 10 weeks of hTau overexpression. Scale bar, 20 mm. C Quantification of the number of GFAP⁺ cells per mm³ in each hippocampal region of monkeys without (orange) or with 6 ~ 10 weeks (blue) of hTau overexpression. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. N = 5. D Representative images of Iba1 immunostaining suggest microglial activation and a local neuroinflammatory response within the monkey hippocampus. The number of Iba1⁺ cells increased significantly in the monkey hippocampus after 10 weeks of hTau overexpression. The dashed lines separate neighbouring regions of the hippocampus. Scale bar, 1 mm. E Representative images of Iba1 immunostaining show the transition of microglia from a highly ramified resting state to a less ramified, amoeboid reactive state in the monkey hippocampus after 10 weeks of hTau overexpression. Scale bar, 20 mm. F Quantification of the number of Iba1⁺ cells per mm.³ in each hippocampal region of monkeys without (orange) or with 6 ~ 10 weeks (blue) of hTau overexpression. **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. N = 5