Fig. 2

Metabolites importance ranking and SHAP visualization of modeling based on incident ACD populations. A Metabolites that survived FDR corrections in the association analysis further underwent sequential forward selection. The bar chart illustrates the importance of metabolites (left axis), ranked in ascending order. The line chart depicts cumulative area under the curve (AUC) values (right axis) as metabolites are included in successive iterations. The metabolites ultimately selected for MetRS calculation are highlighted in red. B Individual SHAP values of the selected metabolites are ranked according to their contributions. The x-axis represents the scale of the SHAP values for every metabolite, indicating their contribution to the prediction. The color range corresponds to each metabolic value, from blue (low value) to red (high value). Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; SHAP, SHapley Additive exPlanations