Fig. 1

Dementia-associated metabolites in the association analysis. Significant associations (FDR–corrected Q value < 0.05) are shown, with red and blue colors respectively indicate the positive and negative effect directions and circle size proportional to the effect size. The most significant association for each metabolite group is labeled. Abbreviations: ACD, all-cause dementia; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; CE, cholesteryl esters; FC, free cholesterol; Glu, glucose; His, histidine; LA, linoleic acid; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; L-LDL, large LDL; LDL-L, total lipids in LDL; LDL-P, concentration of LDL particles; M-VLDL-L, total lipids in medium VLDL; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PL, phospholipids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SM, sphingomyelin; VaD, vascular dementia; Val, valine; VLDL-TG, triglycerides in VLD