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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants in the current study

From: Associations of cerebrospinal fluid complement proteins with Alzheimer’s pathology, cognition, and brain structure in non-dementia elderly

Characteristics

CN (n = 85)

MCI (n = 125)

p value

Age (years)

75.02 ± 5.19

72.97 ± 6.93

0.163

Gender (F/M)

41/44

42/83

0.033

Education (years)

16 [14 to 18]

16 [14 to 18]

0.371

APOE-ε4 allele (0/1/2)

64/19/2

56/52/17

 < 0.001

Lifestyles

 BMI (kg/m2)

27.67 [24.13 to 30.55]

27.24 [24.01 to 29.00]

0.067

 Smoking habit (Y/N)

28/57

44/81

0.735

 Drinking habit (Y/N)

6/79

6/119

0.489

Medical comorbidities

 Hypertension (Y/N)

37/48

53/72

0.871

 Diabetes (Y/N)

5/80

11/114

0.434

CSF AD biomarkers

 Aβ42 (pg/ml)

998.65 [746.03 to 1344]

644.9 [520.8 to 844.4]

 < 0.001

 p-tau (pg/ml)

18.90 [15. to 24.85]

31.15 [21.53 to 40.39]

 < 0.001

 t-tau (pg/ml)

213.35 [180.57 to 264]

309.2 [228.6 to 398.4]

 < 0.001

MRI measures

 Ventricles (mm3)

34,199 [21,962 to 44,439]

40,552 [28,917 to 51,791]

0.001

 Hippocampus (mm3)

7347 ± 852.58

6315.47 ± 1084.2

 < 0.001

 Whole brain (mm3)

1,025,046.08 ± 99,790.16

1,016,577.32 ± 105,727.25

0.862

 Entorhinal (mm3)

3857.40 ± 698.18

3263.14 ± 711.18

 < 0.001

 Fusiform (mm3)

17,687.60 ± 2280.65

16,610.46 ± 2250.84

0.233

 Mid temporal (mm3)

20,105.98 ± 2984.73

18,740.46 ± 2808.12

0.059

 ICV (mm3)

1,554,710.96 ± 171,007.77

1,596,813.67 ± 165,193.37

0.011

Cognitive composite measures

 MMSE

29 [29 to 30]

27 [26 to 28]

 < 0.001

 CDRSB

0 [0,0]

1.5 [1 to 2]

 < 0.001

 ADAS-13

9.57 ± 4.33

19.08 ± 6.34

 < 0.001

 ADNI_MEM

0.71 [0.51 to 1.12]

 − 0.20 [− 0.42 to 0.03]

 < 0.001

 ADNI_LAN

0.66 [0.37 to 1.04]

0.26 [− 0.07 to 0.60]

 < 0.001

 ADNI_EF

0.69 ± 0.44

0.18 ± 0.50

 < 0.001

CSF complement

 C1q

34.6819 ± 0.91947

34.7456 ± 0.87754

0.758

 C2

50.258 ± 1.38452

49.6265 ± 5.7224

0.130

 C5

51.5824 ± 2.16207

51.6726 ± 2.25498

0.647

 C6

31.9926 ± 1.26408

31.9713 ± 1.76171

0.581

 C8B

45.6711 ± 5.71109

46.2476 ± 3.2088

0.163

 CFB

55.1891 ± 1.50536

55.1602 ± 1.6624

0.382

  1. Categorical variables are reported as numbers and percentages; continuous variables are reported as means ± SDs or median [first quartile to third quartile] as appropriate
  2. Abbreviations: ADAS-13 Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-13, ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, APOE-ε4 Apolipoprotein E4, Aβ42 Amyloid β peptide 42, BMI Body mass index, C1q Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B, C2 Complement C2, C5 Complement C5, C6 Complement C6, C8B Complement C8 beta chain, CDRSB Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, CFB Complement factor B, CN Normal controls, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, EF Executive function, F Female, LAN Language, M Male, ICV Intracranial volume, MEM Memory function, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, p-tau Phosphorylated tau, t-tau Total tau
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193