Fig. 3

Associations between CSF complement proteins with cognitive and neuroimaging measures in MCI participants. The figure shows the relationships of each baseline CSF complement protein with longitudinal changes in cognitive and neuroimaging measurements. The mixed effect linear models were applied adjusting for gender, age, educational level, APOE-ε4 status, and additional adjustment for intracranial volume when the causal variable was a measurement of brain structure. Significant results are marked with asterisks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. ADAS-13, Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-13; ADNI, Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative; C1q, complement C1q subcomponent subunit B; C2, complement C2; C5, complement C5; C6, complement C6; C8B, complement component C8 beta chain; CFB, complement factor B; CDRSB, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EF, executive function; LAN, language; MEM, memory function; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination