Table 1 Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and ADRD comorbidities in the pre-index period—overall population

Total

5185

100.0%

15,555

100.0%

Age at index (continuous)

 Mean (SD)

67.0 (12.0)

67.0 (12.0)

.950

 Median (Q1–Q3)

63.0 (57.0 - 77.0)

63.0 (57.0 - 77.0)

 Min–max

50 - 101

50 - 116

Age (categorical)

 50–64

2781

53.6%

8343

53.6%

1.00

 65–79

1375

26.5%

4125

26.5%

 ≥ 80

1029

19.8%

3087

19.8%

Sex

 Male

2194

42.3%

6582

42.3%

1.00

 Female

2991

57.7%

8973

57.7%

Region

 Northeast

1571

30.3%

4664

30.0%

.145

 North Central

877

16.9%

2647

17.0%

 South

1924

37.1%

5825

37.4%

 West

806

15.5%

2407

15.5%

 Other/unknown

7

0.1%

12

0.1%

Charlson Comorbidity Index

 Mean (SD)

1.5 (1.57)

1.0 (1.29)

<.001

 Median (Q1–Q3)

1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)

0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)

 Min–Max

0 - 9

0 - 10

Elixhauser Index

 Mean (SD)

2.6 (2.1)

1.8 (1.87)

<.001

 Median (Q1–Q3)

2.0 (1.0 - 4.0)

1.0 (0.0 - 3.0)

 Min–Max

0 -13

0 - 13

ADRD comorbidities

Odds Ratio (95% CI)**

 Patients with ≥1 any condition

4956

95.6%

12,668

81.4%

4.9 (4.3, 5.7)

 Hypertension

3379

65.2%

8606

55.3%

1.5 (1.4, 1.6)

 Stroke/TIA

1091

21.0%

1167

7.5%

3.3 (3.0, 3.6)

 Ischemic heart disease

1137

21.9%

2204

14.2%

1.7 (1.6, 1.8)

 Congestive heart failure

415

8.0%

839

5.4%

1.5 (1.4, 1.7)

 Myocardial infarction

231

4.5%

438

2.8%

1.6 (1.4, 1.9)

 Atherosclerosis

519

10.0%

1078

6.9%

1.5 (1.3, 1.7)

 Atrial fibrillation

498

9.6%

1082

7.0%

1.4 (1.3, 1.6)

 Diabetes

1309

25.2%

3012

19.4%

1.4 (1.3, 1.5)

 Hyperlipidemia

3423

66.0%

8610

55.4%

1.6 (1.5, 1.7)

 Obesity

928

17.9%

2116

13.6%

1.4 (1.3, 1.5)

 Metabolic syndrome

276

5.3%

401

2.6%

2.1 (1.8, 2.5)

 Weight loss

320

6.2%

362

2.3%

2.8 (2.4, 3.2)

 Hearing loss

1090

21.0%

1746

11.2%

2.1 (1.9, 2.3)

 Depression

1622

31.3%

1683

10.8%

3.8 (3.5, 4.1)

 Insomnia

758

14.6%

941

6.0%

2.7 (2.4, 2.9)

 Obstructive sleep apnea

1440

27.8%

1825

11.7%

2.9 (2.7, 3.1)

 Disturbances of sensation of smell and taste

35

0.7%

24

0.2%

4.4 (2.6, 7.4)

 Bipolar

120

2.3%

55

0.4%

6.7 (4.8, 9.2)

 Schizophrenia

21

0.4%

13

0.1%

4.9 (2.4, 9.7)

 Psychosis

73

1.4%

27

0.2%

8.2 (5.3, 12.8)

 Alcohol abuse

136

2.6%

158

1.0%

2.6 (2.1, 3.3)

 Drug abuse

142

2.7%

141

0.9%

3.1 (2.4, 3.9)

 Hypothyroidism

1298

25.0%

2717

17.5%

1.6 (1.5, 1.7)

 Chronic kidney disease

204

3.9%

379

2.4%

1.6 (1.4, 2.0)

 Chronic pulmonary disease

1257

24.2%

2561

16.5%

1.6 (1.5, 1.8)