Fig. 1

Amyloid-beta clearance via the glymphatic system. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels facilitate the continuous interchange between cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid by convective flow movement. These water channels are positioned on the endfeet of astrocytes situated at the outer layer of the artery and vein. The glymphatic flow guides proteins, such as amyloid-beta, and metabolites to the perivenous space via AQP4 water channels, thus promoting their efficient elimination from the central nervous system outside the brain