Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in blood reveal effects of exercise in Alzheimer’s disease

Table 1 Cohort demographics

	Control (n = 47)	Exercise (n = 48)
Age (mean ± SD)	71.2 ± 6.5	71.3 ± 6.5
Gender (F/M)	20/28	19/28
Body mass index (mean ± SD)	23.9 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 4.0
APOE status (% ε4 positive)	67%	68%
Baseline VO2max	25.6 ± 8.5	25.3 ± 6.7
Follow-up VO2max	27.9 ± 9.5	29.4 ± 7.0
Change from baseline VO2max	0.5 ± 4.9	3.9 ± 5.6*
Baseline MMSE (mean ± SD)	24.4 ± 3.8	23.5 ± 3.3
Baseline SDMT-120 (mean ± SD)	27.3 ± 14.6	25.7 ± 13.1
Educational level (%, more than 11 years of education)	44%	38%
Smoking (% currently smoking)	17%	15%
Use of alcohol (%, more than 2 units per day)	21%	11%
Anti-dementia medication (%)	94%	100%
Anti-depressant medication (%)	29%	26%
Anti-hypertensive medication (%)	35%	43%

^*P = 0.011, t-test. For the rest of the comparisons, no significant differences were found between the control and exercise groups using t-test (continuous variables) or Pearson’s chi-squared test (categorical variables). MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. SDMT-120, correct responses in 120 s on Symbol Digit-Modalities Test. VO2max, the maximal oxygen uptake estimated by the submaximal Astrand test

ISSN: 1758-9193