Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics according to the status of post-stroke cognitive impairment
From: Prediction of post-stroke cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke using machine learning
Patients without PSCI (n = 661) | Patients with PSCI (n = 290) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age, mean ± SD | 64.9 ± 12.2 | 67.3 ± 11.1 | 0.002 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 446 (62.5%) | 198 (59.5%) | 0.388 |
Education years, median [IQR] | 9.0 [6.0; 12.0] | 9.0 [6.0; 12.0] | 0.651 |
Previous mRS, median [IQR] | 0.0 [0.0; 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0; 0.0] | 0.009 |
BMI, mean ± SD | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 23.9 ± 3.4 | 0.056 |
Stroke characteristics | |||
TOAST classification | < 0.001 | ||
LAA, n (%) | 254 (35.6%) | 125 (37.5%) | |
SVO, n (%) | 300 (42.0%) | 93 (27.9%) | |
CE, n (%) | 82 (11.5%) | 67 (20.1%) | |
UD and OD, n (%) | 78 (10.9%) | 38(14.4%) | |
Initial NIHSS, median [IQR] | 2.0 [1.0; 4.0] | 3.0 [1.0; 6.0] | < 0.001 |
Thrombolysis | 0.057 | ||
IV tPA, n (%) | 66 (9.2%) | 38 (11.4%) | |
IA thrombectomy, n (%) | 9 (1.3%) | 4 (1.2%) | |
Combined IV + IA, n (%) | 8 (1.1%) | 11 (3.3%) | |
Lesion characteristics | |||
Stroke volume (mm3), median [IQR] | 4.2 [0.8; 20.5] | 10.3 [1.3; 114.8] | < 0.001 |
Left-sided lesions, n (%) | 402 (56.3%) | 192 (57.7%) | 0.73 |
Multiple lesions, n (%) | 67 (9.4%) | 34 (10.2%) | 0.757 |
Cortical lesions, n (%) | 221 (31.0%) | 171 (51.4%) | < 0.001 |
Subcortical lesions, n (%) | 362 (50.7%) | 161 (48.3%) | 0.625 |
Infratentorial lesions, n (%) | 201 (28.2%) | 65 (19.5%) | 0.004 |
Strategic lesions, n (%) | 229 (32.1%) | 140 (42.0%) | 0.002 |
Vascular risk factors | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 413 (57.8%) | 215 (64.6%) | 0.046 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 191 (26.8%) | 121 (36.3%) | 0.002 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 256 (35.9%) | 108 (32.4%) | 0.311 |
Previous stroke/TIA, n (%) | 86 (12.0%) | 68 (20.4%) | 0.001 |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 34 (4.8%) | 27 (8.1%) | 0.044 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 74 (10.4%) | 70 (21.0%) | < 0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 277 (38.8%) | 118 (35.4%) | 0.329 |
Laboratory findings | |||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 181.3 ± 42.8 | 177.6 ± 46.9 | 0.217 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.186 |
Hemoglobin (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 0.24 3 |
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 120.4 ± 42.6 | 129.0 ± 48.9 | 0.006 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 149.1 ± 25.8 | 146.8 ± 24.6 | 0.178 |
Small vessel disease burden and atrophy | |||
Microbleeds, n (%) | 132 (18.5%) | 67 (20.1%) | |
Modified Fazekas score | 0.086 | ||
mFS grade 0, n (%) | 132 (18.5%) | 51 (15.3%) | |
mFS grade 1, n (%) | 329 (46.1%) | 144 (43.2%) | |
mFS grade 2, n (%) | 176 (24.6%) | 85 (25.5%) | |
mFS grade 3, n (%) | 77 (10.8%) | 53 (15.9%) | |
Total MTLA, median [IQR] | 2.0 [1.0; 3.0] | 2.0 [2.0; 4.0] | < 0.001 |