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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics

From: REM sleep is associated with the volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain in aMCI individuals

 

Full sample (n = 62)

Cognitively unimpaired (n = 31)

aMCI (n = 31)

T or χ2

P

Demographics and cognition

 Age: years

67.6 ± 8.1

66.8 ± 7.2

68.3 ± 8.8

-0.74

p = 0.46

 Sex: number (%) of women

20 (32.3)

13 (41.9)

7 (22.6)

2.66

p = 0.10

 Education: years

14.5 ± 3.5

15.3 ± 2.9

13.8 ± 4

1.71

p = 0.09

 Body mass index: kg/m2

25.2 ± 3.4

25.2 ± 3.7

25.1 ± 3.1

0.08

p = 0.94

 Anxiety symptoms: % witha

9 (14.5)

4 (12.9)

5 (16.1)

0.13

p = 0.72

 Depressive symptoms: % witha

3 (4.8)

0 (0)

3 (9.7)

3.15

p = 0.08

 MoCA: score b

26.5 ± 2.7

27.8 ± 1.8

25.1 ± 2.8

4.49

p < 0.001

 RAVLT: Sum of the 5 free recalls

44.9 ± 12.1

53.2 ± 8.0

36.6 ± 9.5

7.40

p < 0.001

 RAVLT: immediate free recall

8.9 ± 3.9

11.5 ± 2.4

6.4 ± 3.4

6.84

p < 0.001

 RAVLT: delayed free recalla

8.5 ± 3.9

11.0 ± 2.6

5.8 ± 3.2

6.98

p < 0.001

Sleep

 Total Sleep Time: min

363.8 ± 63.1

374.1 ± 62.6

353.4 ± 63.0

1.30

p = 0.20

 Sleep efficiency: %

79.5 ± 11.1

80.7 ± 11.0

78.2 ± 11.3

0.88

p = 0.38

 Total sleep AHI: Nb/h

7.8 ± 9.1

7.1 ± 7.6

8.5 ± 10.4

-0.59

p = 0.56

 REM sleep AHI: Nb/h

5.0 ± 4.5

5.5 ± 4.7

4.6 ± 4.3

0.75

p = 0.46

 NREM-1: min

59.7 ± 32.6

53.9 ± 26.8

65.5 ± 37.1

-1.41

p = 0.16

 NREM-1: % TST

16.6 ± 8.7

14.4 ± 6.6

18.7 ± 10.0

-1.97

p = 0.054

 NREM-2: min

212.1 ± 54.3

222.2 ± 49.7

202.1 ± 57.7

1.47

p = 0.15

 NREM-2: % TST

58.0 ± 9.0

59.2 ± 8.0

56.7 ± 9.8

1.12

p = 0.27

 NREM-3: min

31.9 ± 30.3

36.5 ± 35.0

27.2 ± 24.4

1.21

p = 0.23

 NREM-3: % TST

9.1 ± 8.8

10.3 ± 9.7

8.0 ± 7.7

1.00

p = 0.32

 REM sleep: min

60.1 ± 22.9

61.6 ± 24.5

58.7 ± 21.5

0.50

p = 0.62

 REM sleep: % TST

16.3 ± 5.1

16.1 ± 5.1

16.6 ± 5.1

-0.40

p = 0.69

 REM sleep latency: min

135.1 ± 86.5

117.9 ± 74.6

152.4 ± 95.1

-1.59

p = 0.12

 REM sleep efficiency: %

81.0 ± 12.0

80.2 ± 11.7

81.8 ± 12.5

-0.53

p = 0.60

Neuroimaging

 Total Intracranial volume: cm3

1472 ± 122.8

1470.1 ± 136.0

1474.0 ± 110.3

-0.12

p = 0.90

 Total BF: mm3

417.1 ± 43.9

425.2 ± 36.1

409.0 ± 49.8

1.47

p = 0.15

 Bilateral Ch1-2–3 nuclei: mm3

152.6 ± 17.4

155.1 ± 16.1

150.2 ± 18.5

1.14

p = 0.26

 Bilateral Ch4 nuclei: mm3

264.5 ± 32.8

270.1 ± 25.2

258.9 ± 38.6

1.35

p = 0.12

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise specified. All non-normal variables were log-transformed before statistical analyses, and between-group differences were assessed using Student t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Results in bold indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 uncorrected level
  2. Abbreviations: AHI apnea–hypopnea index, aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, BF basal forebrain; h hours, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment; nb number, NREM non-rapid eye movement, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, REM rapid eye movement
  3. aMissing data for 1 aMCI participant
  4. bMissing data for 3 participants (1 cognitively unimpaired participant and 2 aMCI)
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193