Fig. 8

Proposed reactions of acrolein-Aß adduct formation and degradation in correlation with metabolic disturbance and neurodegeneration. Under metabolic disturbance, oxidation of lipids generates aldehydic byproducts such as acrolein, which further reacts with peptides such as Aß and forms adducts. These adducts are responsible for neurodegeneration. However, the responding autoantibodies may inhibit the disease progression by neutralizing and degrading these adducts. Depletion of the responding autoantibodies by acrolein adducts may lead to worse neurodegeneration