Fig. 3

Acrolein adducts on APP fragments and Aß peptides in human serum. A The relative levels of Aß in different groups of human serum sample. B The relative levels of acrolein adducts in different groups of human serum sample. All the values were normalized with the mean of healthy control (HC). The dots represent the 5th and 95th percentiles; the error bars cover the 10th to 90th percentiles and the box covers the 25th to 75th percentiles; the solid and dash lines within the box represent the median and mean values, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted with the area under curve values shown in brackets when the p value is < 0.001 between groups. C APP immunoprecipitation and acrolein immunoblotting of human serum. Pooled human serum samples from each group were IgG-removed and immunoprecipitated with anti-C-terminal APP antibody and then subjected to SDS-PAGE in triplicate. Two gels were immunoblotted with anti-C-terminal APP and acrolein antibodies, respectively. Another gel was stained with CBB as a loading control. The prestained protein ladder showed some luminance. Aß, amyloid beta; AD-M, Alzheimer’s disease with metabolic disturbance; AD-N, Alzheimer’s disease with normal metabolism; APP, amyloid precursor protein; CBB, Coomassie brilliant blue; HC, healthy control; IP, immunoprecipitation; M, marker; MetS, metabolic syndrome.***p < 0.001