Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk and cognitive reserve in relationship to long-term cognitive trajectories among cognitively normal individuals

Table 3 Mixed-effects model results for AD-PRS_w/oAPOE and CR in relationship to cognitive trajectories (N = 1175)

	Global factor score			Memory factor score			Executive function factor score
	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Effect size	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Effect size	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Effect size
Time	− 0.006 (− 0.023, 0.012)	0.52	-	0.014 (− 0.008, 0.037)	0.20	-	− 0.019 (− 0.037, − 0.001)	0.04 *	-
Time²	− 0.004 (− 0.005, − 0.004)	< 0.001 ***	-	− 0.003 (− 0.003, − 0.002)	< 0.001 ***	-	− 0.004 (− 0.005, − 0.004)	< 0.001 ***	-
CR index	0.331 (0.283, 0.379)	< 0.001 ***	0.38	0.326 (0.270, 0.382)	< 0.001 ***	0.37	0.307 (0.256, 0.357)	< 0.001 ***	0.37
AD-PRS_w/oAPOE	0.009 (− 0.033, 0.051)	0.68	0.01	− 0.019 (− 0.068, 0.031)	0.46	0.02	0.027 (− 0.017, 0.072)	0.23	0.03
CR index × time	0.005 (− 0.001, 0.010)	0.10	0.07	0.008 (0.001, 0.015)	0.02 *	0.11	0.002 (− 0.003, 0.007)	0.43	0.03
AD-PRS_w/oAPOE × time	− 0.005 (− 0.010, 0.000)	0.03 *	0.08	− 0.004 (− 0.010, 0.002)	0.21	0.05	− 0.005 (− 0.010, − 0.001)	0.02 *	0.09
CR index × AD-PRS_w/oAPOE	0.031 (− 0.020, 0.081)	0.23	0.04	0.040 (− 0.019, 0.099)	0.18	0.05	0.029 (− 0.024, 0.082)	0.28	0.04
CR index × AD-PRS_w/oAPOE × time	− 0.003 (− 0.009, 0.002)	0.25	0.05	− 0.004 (− 0.011, 0.003)	0.24	0.06	− 0.001 (− 0.007, 0.004)	0.61	0.02

Separate models were estimated for the global, episodic memory, and executive function factor scores. Results of the full models including the 3-way interaction terms are shown; the patterns of results shown were the same when non-significant 3-way interaction terms were excluded. Models were additionally adjusted for baseline age, sex and cohort (ACS, AIBL, BIOCARD, BLSA, WRAP), and their interactions with time. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05

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