Fig. 2From: Microglia prevent beta-amyloid plaque formation in the early stage of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model with suppression of glymphatic clearanceAQP4 deletion increased intraneuronal Aβ and IDE activity without causing plaque formation in the cerebral cortex of 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice. a, b Brain sections stained by thioflavine-S florescence and Aβ1–40 immunohistochemistry showing no Aβ plaque disposition. c Double immunofluorescence for total-Aβ and NeuN. There was increased Aβ immunostaining in cerebral neurons of AQP4−/−APP/PS1 mice compared to those in APP/PS1 controls. d, g Representative Western blot bands and densitometry analysis of APP, CTF-β, and Aβ monomer/oligomers. e, h Representative Western blot bands and densitometry analysis of BACE1, PS1, LRP1, IDE, and NEP in the cortex. f Quantification of Aβ-positive area fraction. i Enzyme activity assay of NEP and IDE. Data in f were analyzed by Student’s t test; other data were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are mean ± SEM. n = 4 per group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001Back to article page