Table 2 Repurposed agents currently in Phase III in the Alzheimer’s disease development pipeline (as of February 27, 2020)
From: Repurposed agents in the Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline
Agent name | Phase | Agent mechanism class | Therapeutic purpose under study | Drug class | FDA-approved indication(s) | Therapeutic field | ClinicalTrials.gov ID(s) (EudraCT ID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALZT-OP1a, ALZT-OP1b (cromolyn with and without ibuprofen) | III | Anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory | Reduce neuronal damage; mast cells may also play a role in amyloid pathology (DMT) | Mast cell stabilizer | Bronchial asthma; mastocytosis | Pulmonary | NCT02547818 (2015-002147-34) |
Amlodipine | II/III | Anti-inflammatory, metabolic | Vascular risk reduction to preserve cognitive function (DMT) | Calcium channel blocker | Hypertension; coronary artery disease | Cardiovascular | NCT02913664 |
Atorvastatin | II/III | Anti-inflammatory, metabolic | Vascular risk reduction to preserve cognitive function (DMT) | Statin | Adjunct therapy for myocardial infarction, revascularization procedure, angina | Cardiovascular | NCT02913664 |
AXS-05 (DM + Bupropion) | II/III | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (agitation) | Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor | Major depressive disorder; easonal affective disorder; smoking cessation | Psychiatric | NCT03226522 |
Escitalopram | III | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (agitation) | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | Major depressive disorder; generalized anxiety disorder | Psychiatric | NCT03108846 |
Guanfacine | III | Neurotransmitter-based | Modulation of noradrenergic deficit (cognitive enhancer) | Alpha-receptor agonist | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | Cardiovascular | NCT03116126 |
Icosapent ethyl | II/III | Neuroprotective | Protect neurons from disease pathology (DMT) | Purified w-3 fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid) | Hypertriglyceridemia | Cardiovascular | NCT02719327 |
Levetiracetam (AGB101) | III | Neuroprotective | Decrease amyloid-induced neuronal hyperactivity (DMT) | Anticonvulsant | Adjunct therapy for partial-onset seizures; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Neurologic | NCT03486938 |
Losartan | II/III | Anti-inflammatory, metabolic | Vascular risk reduction to preserve cognitive function (DMT) | Angiotensin II receptor blocker | Hypertension; diabetic neuropathy; risk reduction of stroke | Cardiovascular | NCT02913664 |
Masitinib | III | Anti-inflammatory | Activity on mast cells, modulation of inflammatory processes (DMT) | Selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Mast cell tumor (veterinary) | Hematologic-oncologic | NCT01872598 (2010-021218-50) |
Metformin | II/III | Metabolic | Improve insulin sensitivity, may improve cognition (DMT) | Insulin sensitizer (biguanide) | Type 2 diabetes | Antidiabetic | NCT04098666 |
Methylphenidate | III | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (apathy) | Stimulant | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | Psychiatric | NCT02346201 |
Mirtazapine | III | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (agitation) | Tetracyclic antidepressant | Major depressive disorder | Psychiatric | NCT03031184 |
Zolpidem | III | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (sleep disorders) | Sedative-Hypnotic | Insomnia | Neurologic | NCT03075241 |
Zopiclone | III | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (sleep disorders) | Sedative-Hypnotic | Insomnia | Neurologic | NCT03075241 |