Skip to main content

Articles

Page 21 of 33

  1. Peripheral biomarkers that identify individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or predicting high amyloid beta (Aβ) brain burden would be highly valuable. To facilitate clinical trials of disea...

    Authors: Itziar de Rojas, J. Romero, O. Rodríguez-Gomez, P. Pesini, A. Sanabria, A. Pérez-Cordon, C. Abdelnour, I. Hernández, M. Rosende-Roca, A. Mauleón, L. Vargas, M. Alegret, A. Espinosa, G. Ortega, S. Gil, M. Guitart…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:119
  2. Amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide is a well-established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Reduced levels of Aβ1–42 are indicative of AD, but significant variation in the absolute con...

    Authors: Stephen P. Schauer, William R. Mylott Jr, Moucun Yuan, Rand G. Jenkins, W. Rodney Mathews, Lee A. Honigberg and Kristin R. Wildsmith
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:118
  3. Anti-amyloid β (Aβ) immunotherapy represents a major area of drug development for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, Aβ peptide adopts multiple conformations and the pathological forms to be specifically targe...

    Authors: Laurent Pradier, Véronique Blanchard-Brégeon, Andrees Bohme, Thomas Debeir, Jean Menager, Patrick Benoit, Pascal Barneoud, Véronique Taupin, Philippe Bertrand, Philippe Dugay, Béatrice Cameron, Yi Shi, Souad Naimi, Marc Duchesne, Marie Gagnaire, Tim Weeden…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:117
  4. Globalization of clinical trials has important consequences for trial planning and interpretation. This study investigated heterogeneity in patient characteristics and outcomes among world regions in the globa...

    Authors: Jeffrey L. Cummings, Alireza Atri, Clive Ballard, Neli Boneva, Lutz Frölich, José Luis Molinuevo, Lars Lau Raket and Pierre N. Tariot
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:116
  5. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most well-known and most common type of age-related dementia. Amyloid deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are both pathological hallmarks of AD. Using a triple-tr...

    Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg, Min Fu and Doris Lambracht-Washington
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:115
  6. Low haemoglobin is highly prevalent among the elderly and has been associated with dementia. However, the mechanisms underlying this association with cognitive dysfunction, either through cerebrovascular disea...

    Authors: Bryce Tan, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Henri Vrooman, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Christopher Chen and Saima Hilal
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:114
  7. Biomarkers that can track disease onset and progression in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) are needed. We investigate whether serum neurofilament light (NfL) concentration is associated with clin...

    Authors: Raquel Sánchez-Valle, Amanda Heslegrave, Martha S. Foiani, Beatriz Bosch, Anna Antonell, Mircea Balasa, Albert Lladó, Henrik Zetterberg and Nick C. Fox
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:113
  8. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), pathological changes may arise up to 20 years before the onset of dementia. This pre-dementia window provides a unique opportunity for secondary prevention. However, exposing non-d...

    Authors: Mara ten Kate, Silvia Ingala, Adam J. Schwarz, Nick C. Fox, Gaël Chételat, Bart N. M. van Berckel, Michael Ewers, Christopher Foley, Juan Domingo Gispert, Derek Hill, Michael C. Irizarry, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, José Luis Molinuevo, Craig Ritchie, Philip Scheltens, Mark E. Schmidt…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:112
  9. Most previous studies on dementia and injuries have focused on a particular type of injury, and few studies have investigated overall injury in people with dementia. In this study, we investigated the risk fac...

    Authors: Ruey Chen, Wu-Chien Chien, Ching-Chiu Kao, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Doresses Liu, Huei-Ling Chiu and Kuei-Ru Chou
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:111
  10. Variability in biological parameters has been reported to be associated with adverse health outcomes. We aimed to investigate the composite effect of the visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure, glucose, ...

    Authors: Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hanna Cho, Yong-Moon Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Gunseog Kang, Kun-Ho Yoon and Mee Kyoung Kim
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:110
  11. Cerebrovascular pathology, quantified by white matter lesions (WML), is known to affect cognition in aging, and is associated with an increased risk of dementia. The present study aimed to investigate whether ...

    Authors: Gloria Benson, Andrea Hildebrandt, Catharina Lange, Claudia Schwarz, Theresa Köbe, Werner Sommer, Agnes Flöel and Miranka Wirth
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:109
  12. Neurofibrillary pathology composed of tau protein is closely correlated with severity and phenotype of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s tauopathies. Targeting patho...

    Authors: Petr Novak, Reinhold Schmidt, Eva Kontsekova, Branislav Kovacech, Tomas Smolek, Stanislav Katina, Lubica Fialova, Michal Prcina, Vojtech Parrak, Peter Dal-Bianco, Martin Brunner, Wolfgang Staffen, Michael Rainer, Matej Ondrus, Stefan Ropele, Miroslav Smisek…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:108
  13. PQ912 is an inhibitor of the glutaminyl cyclase enzyme that plays a central role in the formation of synaptotoxic pyroglutamate-A-beta oligomers. We report on the first clinical study with PQ912 in subjects wi...

    Authors: Philip Scheltens, Merja Hallikainen, Timo Grimmer, Thomas Duning, Alida A Gouw, Charlotte E Teunissen, Alle Meije Wink, Paul Maruff, John Harrison, Caroline M van Baal, Suzanne Bruins, Inge Lues and Niels D Prins
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:107
  14. The typical familial form of Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) accounts for about 5% of total Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases. Presenilins (PSEN1 and PSEN2) and amyloid-β (A4) precursor protein (APP) genes carry all repor...

    Authors: Lara Paracchini, Luca Beltrame, Lucia Boeri, Federica Fusco, Paolo Caffarra, Sergio Marchini, Diego Albani and Gianluigi Forloni
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:106
  15. Translational research in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology provides evidence that accumulation of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau, neuropathological hallmarks of AD, is associated with complex disturba...

    Authors: Milan Stoiljkovic, Craig Kelley, Tamas L. Horvath and Mihály Hajós
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:105
  16. The protective effect of education has been well established in Alzheimer’s disease, whereas its role in patients with isolated cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear. We examined the correlation of educatio...

    Authors: Na-Yeon Jung, Hanna Cho, Yeo Jin Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Jong Min Lee, Seongbeom Park, Sung Tae Kim, Eun-Joo Kim, Jae Seung Kim, Seung Hwan Moon, Jae-Hong Lee, Michael Ewers, Duk L Na and Sang Won Seo
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:103
  17. There are currently no treatments for empathy deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. Acute administration of the hormone oxytocin has been associated with symptomatic improvements across animal models and sev...

    Authors: Elizabeth Finger, Scott Berry, Jeffrey Cummings, Kristy Coleman, Robin Hsiung, Howard H. Feldman and Adam Boxer
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:102
  18. With the shift of research focus towards the pre-dementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is an urgent need for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers to predict amyloid pathology. The aim of this study wa...

    Authors: Mara ten Kate, Alberto Redolfi, Enrico Peira, Isabelle Bos, Stephanie J. Vos, Rik Vandenberghe, Silvy Gabel, Jolien Schaeverbeke, Philip Scheltens, Olivier Blin, Jill C. Richardson, Regis Bordet, Anders Wallin, Carl Eckerstrom, José Luis Molinuevo, Sebastiaan Engelborghs…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:100
  19. Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported errors in the formatting of the table. The details of the errors are as follows:

    Authors: Susanne Ostrowitzki, Robert A. Lasser, Ernest Dorflinger, Philip Scheltens, Frederik Barkhof, Tania Nikolcheva, Elizabeth Ashford, Sylvie Retout, Carsten Hofmann, Paul Delmar, Gregory Klein, Mirjana Andjelkovic, Bruno Dubois, Mercè Boada, Kaj Blennow, Luca Santarelli…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:99

    The original article was published in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2017 9:95

  20. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuropathologic changes involving beta-amyloid (Aβ), tau, neuronal loss, and other associated biological events. While levels o...

    Authors: Umesh Gangishetti, J. Christina Howell, Richard J. Perrin, Natalia Louneva, Kelly D. Watts, Alexander Kollhoff, Murray Grossman, David A. Wolk, Leslie M. Shaw, John C. Morris, John Q. Trojanowski, Anne M. Fagan, Steven E. Arnold and William T. Hu
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:98
  21. Age is the cardinal risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), which are more prevalent with increasing age, may contribute to AD. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)...

    Authors: Clayton J. Vesperman, Vincent Pozorski, Ryan J. Dougherty, Lena L. Law, Elizabeth Boots, Jennifer M. Oh, Catherine L. Gallagher, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Howard A. Rowley, Yue Ma, Barbara B. Bendlin, Sanjay Asthana, Mark A. Sager, Bruce P. Hermann, Sterling C. Johnson, Dane B. Cook…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:97
  22. We investigated the effect of crenezumab, a humanized anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 monoclonal antibody, on biomarkers of amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and disease progression in patient...

    Authors: Stephen Salloway, Lee A. Honigberg, William Cho, Michael Ward, Michel Friesenhahn, Flavia Brunstein, Angelica Quartino, David Clayton, Deborah Mortensen, Tobias Bittner, Carole Ho, Christina Rabe, Stephen P. Schauer, Kristin R. Wildsmith, Reina N. Fuji, Shehnaaz Suliman…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:96
  23. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence among the elderly and a huge personal and societal impact. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated that the inc...

    Authors: Sylvie L. Lesuis, Lianne Hoeijmakers, Aniko Korosi, Susanne R. de Rooij, Dick F. Swaab, Helmut W. Kessels, Paul J. Lucassen and Harm J. Krugers
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:95
  24. Cholinergic dysfunction is a key abnormality in Alzheimer disease (AD) that can be detected in vivo with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols. Although TMS has clearly demonstrated analytical vali...

    Authors: Alberto Benussi, Antonella Alberici, Clarissa Ferrari, Valentina Cantoni, Valentina Dell’Era, Rosanna Turrone, Maria Sofia Cotelli, Giuliano Binetti, Barbara Paghera, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Padovani and Barbara Borroni
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:94
  25. The principal aim of this study was to demonstrate the gender-specific cognitive patterns among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, investigate the risk factors on global and domain-specific cognitive perf...

    Authors: Yu An, Lingli Feng, Xiaona Zhang, Ying Wang, Yushan Wang, Lingwei Tao, Yanhui Lu, Zhongsheng Qin and Rong Xiao
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:93
  26. Gender distribution varies across neurodegenerative disorders, with, traditionally, a higher female frequency reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a higher male frequency in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Confl...

    Authors: A. Mouton, F. Blanc, A. Gros, V. Manera, R. Fabre, E. Sauleau, I. Gomez-Luporsi, K. Tifratene, L. Friedman, S. Thümmler, C. Pradier, P. H. Robert and R. David
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:92
  27. Brain reserve is a concept introduced to explain why Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with a greater brain volume prior to onset of pathology generally have better clinical outcomes. In this review, we provid...

    Authors: Anna Catharina van Loenhoud, Colin Groot, Jacob William Vogel, Wiesje Maria van der Flier and Rik Ossenkoppele
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:91
  28. Cognitive composite scores are used as the primary outcome measures for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention trials; however, the extent to which these composite measures correlate with AD pathology has not bee...

    Authors: Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Kewei Chen, Sylvia E. Perez, Anna He and Elliott J. Mufson
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:90
  29. Interindividual differences in cognitive reserve (CR) are associated with complex and dynamic clinical phenotypes observed in cognitive impairment and dementia. We tested whether (1) CR early in life (E-CR; me...

    Authors: Shraddha Sapkota, Joel Ramirez, Donald T. Stuss, Mario Masellis and Sandra E. Black
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:89
  30. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) has a dose-response relationship with cognition in healthy adults. Additionally, the levels of functional connectivity within and between brain networks have been associated with cognitive pe...

    Authors: Roy W. E. Van Hooren, Joost M. Riphagen and Heidi I. L. Jacobs
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:88
  31. In this study, we tested to which extent possible between-center differences in standardized operating procedures (SOPs) for biobanking of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples influence the homogeneity of the res...

    Authors: Piotr Lewczuk, Amélie Gaignaux, Olga Kofanova, Natalia Ermann, Fay Betsou, Sebastian Brandner, Barbara Mroczko, Kaj Blennow, Dominik Strapagiel, Silvia Paciotti, Jonathan Vogelgsang, Michael H. Roehrl, Sandra Mendoza, Johannes Kornhuber and Charlotte Teunissen
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:87
  32. A relationship quantitative trait locus exists when the correlation between multiple traits varies by genotype for that locus. Relationship quantitative trait loci (rQTL) are often involved in gene-by-gene (G×...

    Authors: Taylor J. Maxwell, Chris Corcoran, Jorge L. del-Aguila, John P. Budde, Yuetiva Deming, Carlos Cruchaga, Alison M. Goate and John S. K. Kauwe
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:86
  33. β-Secretase enzyme (BACE) inhibition has been proposed as a priority treatment mechanism for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but treatment initiation may need to be very early. We present proof of mechanism of atabe...

    Authors: Maarten Timmers, Johannes Rolf Streffer, Alberto Russu, Yushin Tominaga, Hiroko Shimizu, Ayako Shiraishi, Kanaka Tatikola, Pascale Smekens, Anne Börjesson-Hanson, Niels Andreasen, Jorge Matias-Guiu, Miquel Baquero, Mercè Boada, Ina Tesseur, Luc Tritsmans, Luc Van Nueten…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:85
  34. Recently, the field of gene-gene or gene-environment interaction research appears to have gained growing interest, although it is seldom investigated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hence, the current study aims ...

    Authors: Dahyun Yi, Younghwa Lee, Min Soo Byun, Jun Ho Lee, Kang Ko, Bo Kyung Sohn, Young Min Choe, Hyo Jung Choi, Hyewon Baek, Chul-Ho Sohn, Yu Kyeong Kim and Dong Young Lee
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:84
  35. Little is known about the consequences of apathy in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), because previous research on apathy in dementia focused mainly on Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

    Authors: Monica H. Breitve, Kolbjørn Brønnick, Luiza J. Chwiszczuk, Minna J. Hynninen, Dag Aarsland and Arvid Rongve
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:83
  36. Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) show functional and structural connectivity alterations in the default mode network (DMN) while cerebrovascular disease (CeV...

    Authors: Ashwati Vipin, Yng Miin Loke, Siwei Liu, Saima Hilal, Hee Youn Shim, Xin Xu, Boon Yeow Tan, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen and Juan Zhou
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:82
  37. The immune system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of age-related dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An insight into age-associated changes in the immune response to amyloid-beta (Aβ) in indiv...

    Authors: Sudhanshu Agrawal, Edsel M. Abud, Shikha Snigdha and Anshu Agrawal
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:81
  38. There is accumulating evidence that synaptic loss precedes neuronal loss and correlates best with impaired memory formation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptosomal-associated protei...

    Authors: Hua Zhang, Joseph Therriault, Min Su Kang, Kok Pin Ng, Tharick A. Pascoal, Pedro Rosa-Neto and Serge Gauthier
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:80
  39. Reliable biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are currently lacking. FTD may be associated with chronic immune dysfunction, microglial activation and raised inflammatory markers, particularly in progran...

    Authors: Ione O. C. Woollacott, Jennifer M. Nicholas, Amanda Heslegrave, Carolin Heller, Martha S. Foiani, Katrina M. Dick, Lucy L. Russell, Ross W. Paterson, Ashvini Keshavan, Nick C. Fox, Jason D. Warren, Jonathan M. Schott, Henrik Zetterberg and Jonathan D. Rohrer
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:79
  40. The concept of dependence has been proposed as a unified representation of disease severity to quantify and stage disease progression in a manner more informative to patients, caregivers, and healthcare provid...

    Authors: Carolyn W. Zhu, Bote Gosse Bruinsma and Yaakov Stern
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:78
  41. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by aggregated β-amyloid and tau proteins, but the clinical presentations and patterns of brain atrophy vary substantially. A part of this heterogeneity may be linked to the...

    Authors: Niklas Mattsson, Rik Ossenkoppele, Ruben Smith, Olof Strandberg, Tomas Ohlsson, Jonas Jögi, Sebastian Palmqvist, Erik Stomrud and Oskar Hansson
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:77
  42. We aimed to describe the Subjective Cognitive Impairment Cohort (SCIENCe) study design, to cross-sectionally describe participant characteristics, and to evaluate the SCD-plus criteria.

    Authors: Rosalinde E. R. Slot, Sander C. J. Verfaillie, Jozefien M. Overbeek, Tessa Timmers, Linda M. P. Wesselman, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Annemiek Dols, Femke H. Bouwman, Niels D. Prins, Frederik Barkhof, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Bart N. M. Van Berckel, Philip Scheltens, Sietske A. M. Sikkes and Wiesje M. Van der Flier
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:76
  43. Amyloid pathology is the pathological hallmark in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can precede clinical dementia by decades. So far it remains unclear how amyloid pathology leads to cognitive impairment and dement...

    Authors: Elles Konijnenberg, Stephen F. Carter, Mara ten Kate, Anouk den Braber, Jori Tomassen, Chinenye Amadi, Linda Wesselman, Hoang-Ton Nguyen, Jacoba A. van de Kreeke, Maqsood Yaqub, Matteo Demuru, Sandra D. Mulder, Arjan Hillebrand, Femke H. Bouwman, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Erik H. Serné…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:75
  44. Imaging agents capable of quantifying the brain’s tau aggregates will allow a more precise staging of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro properties as well as th...

    Authors: Tharick A. Pascoal, Monica Shin, Min Su Kang, Mira Chamoun, Daniel Chartrand, Sulantha Mathotaarachchi, Idriss Bennacef, Joseph Therriault, Kok Pin Ng, Robert Hopewell, Reda Bouhachi, Hung-Hsin Hsiao, Andrea L. Benedet, Jean-Paul Soucy, Gassan Massarweh, Serge Gauthier…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:74
  45. Since the publication of this article [1], it has come to the attention of the authors that information for one of the authors was not included in the competing interests section. Craig Richie has declared pot...

    Authors: Craig W. Ritchie, Tom C. Russ, Sube Banerjee, Bob Barber, Andrew Boaden, Nick C. Fox, Clive Holmes, Jeremy D. Isaacs, Ira Leroi, Simon Lovestone, Matt Norton, John O’Brien, Jim Pearson, Richard Perry, James Pickett, Adam D. Waldman…
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:73

    The original article was published in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2017 9:85

  46. Disclosure of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results to individuals without dementia has become standard practice in secondary prevention trials and also increasingly occurs in clinical practice. H...

    Authors: Arno de Wilde, Marieke M. van Buchem, René H. J. Otten, Femke Bouwman, Andrew Stephens, Frederik Barkhof, Philip Scheltens and Wiesje M. van der Flier
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:72
  47. A growing body of evidence suggests that the plasma concentration of the neurofilament light chain (NfL) might be considered a plasma biomarker for the screening of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

    Authors: Piotr Lewczuk, Natalia Ermann, Ulf Andreasson, Christian Schultheis, Jana Podhorna, Philipp Spitzer, Juan Manuel Maler, Johannes Kornhuber, Kaj Blennow and Henrik Zetterberg
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:71
  48. Processing of degraded speech is a promising model for understanding communication under challenging listening conditions, core auditory deficits and residual capacity for perceptual learning and cerebral plas...

    Authors: Chris J. D. Hardy, Charles R. Marshall, Rebecca L. Bond, Lucy L. Russell, Katrina Dick, Cono Ariti, David L. Thomas, Sonya J. Ross, Jennifer L. Agustus, Sebastian J. Crutch, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Doris-Eva Bamiou and Jason D. Warren
    Citation: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2018 10:70