| | Identification cohort | Validation cohort |
|---|
AD group | NC group | P | AD group | NC group | P |
|---|
N = 32 | N = 32 | | N = 23 | N = 14 | |
|---|
Agea, years | 66.00 (7.58) | 64.97 (5.52) | 0.536 | 69.00 (6.92) | 69.79 (6.09) | 0.645 |
Sex, F/M | 23/9 | 22/10 | 0.784 | 15/8 | 7/7 | 0.493 |
Education, years | 10.19 (4.14) | 12.75 (3.49) | 0.009 | 10.70 (2.44) | 12.00 (2.80) | 0.145 |
Handedness, R/L/A | 32/0/0 | 32/0/0 | — | 23/0/0 | 14/0/0 | — |
MMSE scorea | 16.75 (4.54) | 28.19 (1.23) | < 0.001 | 20.35 (3.94) | 27.57 (1.09) | < 0.001 |
Memory | − 3.44 (0.69) | 0.08 (0.71) | < 0.001 | − 3.41 (0.90) | − 0.18 (0.91) | < 0.001 |
Processing speed | − 2.61 (1.42) | 0.19 (0.90) | < 0.001 | − 2.04 (1.42) | − 0.43(0.80) | < 0.001 |
Executive function | − 2.00 (1.26) | 0.17 (0.62) | < 0.001 | − 1.74 (0.77) | − 0.39 (0.91) | < 0.001 |
Languagea | − 1.06 (0.49) | 0.01 (0.43) | < 0.001 | − 0.76 (0.54) | − 0.03 (0.34) | < 0.001 |
Visuospatial functiona | − 3.17 (2.31) | − 0.04 (1.06) | < 0.001 | − 1.37 (1.78) | 0.10 (0.88) | 0.007 |
- Data are provided as mean (SD) unless otherwise specified. z-scores for different cognitive domains were calculated from raw scores of neuropsychological assessments in reference to the mean and standard deviation of all NCs. Memory = average of total learning, delayed recall and recognition on the AVLT and the BVMT-R; processing speed = average of the SDMT and the TMT-A; executive function = average of the TMT-B and the Stroop color–word test; language = average of the AFT, the COWAT and the BNT; visuospatial function = the JLO. Data for cognitive domains was missing from 3 AD patients
- AD Alzheimer’s disease, NC normal control, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, R right-handed, L left-handed, A ambidextrous
- aThere was a significant difference between the identification cohort and the validation cohort. NC group in the validation cohort was older than that in the identification cohort (P = 0.011). AD group in the validation cohort had higher MMSE score (P = 0.004) and z-scores of language (P = 0.043) and visuospatial function (P = 0.003) domains than those in the identification group
