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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to future dementia incidence

From: Blood pressure and dementia risk by physical frailty in the elderly: a nationwide cohort study

 

Total

Future dementia incidence

p value

No

Yes

All individuals, n (%)a

804,024

761,548 (94.7)

42,476 (5.3)

 

Age, yearsb

66

66

66

 

Sex, n (%)a

   

 < 0.001

 Male

367,898 (45.8)

351,442 (46.2)

16,456 (38.7)

 

 Female

436,126 (54.2)

410,106 (53.9)

26,020(61.3)

 

Income, n (%)a

   

 < 0.001

 Medicaid (lowest)

28,334 (3.5)

24,735 (3.2)

3,599 (8.5)

 

 Quartile 1

197,920 (24.6)

187,784 (24.7)

10,136 (23.9)

 

 Quartile 2

154,420 (19.2)

146,332 (19.2)

8,088 (19.0)

 

 Quartile 3

216,033 (26.9)

204,934 (26.9)

11,099 (26.1)

 

 Quartile 4 (highest)

207,317 (25.8)

197,763 (26.0)

9,554 (22.5)

 

Smoking, n (%)a

   

 < 0.001

 Never

561,805 (69.9)

530,628 (69.7)

31,177 (73.4)

 

 Former

134,344 (16.7)

129,161 (17.0)

5,183 (12.2)

 

 Current

107,875 (13.4)

101,759 (13.4)

6,116 (14.4)

 

Drink, n (%)a

   

 < 0.001

 Non

574,077 (71.4)

541,513 (71.1)

32,564 (76.7)

 

 Mild

196,939 (24.5)

188,801 (24.8)

8,138 (19.2)

 

 Heavy

33,008 (4.1)

31,234 (4.1)

1,774 (4.2)

 

Regular exercise, n (%)

373,084 (46.4)

356.325 (46.8)

16,759 (39.5)

 < 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

353,947 (44.0)

333,437 (43.8)

20,510 (48.3)

 < 0.001

DM, n (%)

159,302 (19.8)

147,836 (19.4)

11,466 (27.0)

 < 0.001

CKD by GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%)a

  

 < 0.001

 GFR ≥ 60

707,082 (87.9)

671,203 (88.1)

35,879 (84.5)

 

 GFR < 60

90,550 (11.3)

84,447 (11.1)

6,103 (14.4)

 

 GFR < 30

6,392 (0.8)

5,898 (0.8)

494 (1.2)

 

COPD, n (%)

105,557 (13.1)

99,225 (13.0)

6,332 (14.9)

 < 0.001

IHD, n (%)

97,475 (12.1)

90,800 (11.9)

6,675 (15.7)

 < 0.001

Stroke, n (%)

34,142 (4.2)

29,762 (3.9)

4,380 (10.3)

 < 0.001

Depression, n (%)

162,767 (20.2)

150,368 (19.7)

12,399 (29.2)

 < 0.001

KDSQ score, mean (SD)

0.5 (2.3)

1.3 (2.5)

2.0 (3.4)

 < 0.001

TUG results, second, n (%)a

   

 < 0.001

 < 10

583,900 (72.6)

555,539 (72.9)

28,361 (66.8)

 

 10–14.9

191,883 (23.9)

179,953 (23.6)

11,930 (28.1)

 

 ≥ 15

28,241 (3.5)

26,056 (3.4)

2,185 (5.1)

 

BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)

24.3 (3.0)

24.3 (3.0)

24.2 (3.2)

 < 0.001

SBP, mmHg, mean (SD)

128.7 (15.4)

128.7 (15.4)

128.7 (16.2)

0.375

DBP, mmHg, mean (SD)

77.6 (10.0)

78.0 (9.8)

78.0 (10.1)

0.409

Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean (SD)

13.6 (1.4)

13.6 (1.4)

13.4 (1.4)

 < 0.001

FBG, mg/dl, mean (SD)

103.6 (25.9)

103.3 (25.5)

107.2 (32.7)

 < 0.001

TC, mg/dl, mean (SD)

198.0 (38.5)

198.0 (38.4)

197.4 (40.3)

0.002

  1. DM diabetes mellitus, CKD chronic kidney disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IHD ischemic heart disease, KDSQ Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire, BMI body mass index, TUG timed up and go, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, TC total cholesterol
  2. a Column percentage
  3. b Since this study included participants of the NSPTA, all participants were 66 years old at baseline
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193