Table 1 Characteristics of the normal controls (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants as well as the Aβ− and Aβ+ subgroups from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) in this study

Number of subjects

158

85

245

168

191

361

Age (years)

72.2 (6.3)

74.8 (5.7)

73.2 (6.2)

69.7 (7.5)

73.3 (6.8)

71.6 (7.3)

Sex (M/F)

83/75

28/57

113/132

91/77

109/82

201/160

Edu (years)

17.1 (2.3)

16.2 (2.7)

16.8 (2.5)

16.4 (2.4)

16.0 (2.8)

16.2 (2.6)

APOE ɛ4 +/−

35/123

40/45

76/169

41/127

128/63

169/192

MMSE

29.1 (1.3)

29.1 (1.0)

29.0 (1.3)

28.6 (1.4)

27.6 (1.8)

28.1 (1.7)

ADNI-MEM

1.13 (0.60)

0.95 (0.56)

1.06 (0.59)

0.63 (0.62)

0.12 (0.63)

0.35 (0.68)

CDR-SOB

0.04 (0.14)

0.08 (0.20)

0.05 (0.16)

1.29 (0.81)

1.56 (0.92)

1.44 (0.88)

AHippo Vol (mm³)

1744 (263)

1668 (245)

1720 (259)

1682 (295)

1620 (285)

1651 (293)

PHippo Vol (mm³)

1659 (198)

1624 (178)

1648 (192)

1607 (216)

1505 (220)

1555 (225)

ERC Thk (mm)

2.03 (0.16)

2.01 (0.16)

2.02 (0.16)

2.00 (0.20)

1.97 (0.18)

1.98 (0.19)

BA35 Thk (mm)

2.36 (0.16)

2.31 (0.18)

2.35 (0.17)

2.32 (0.21)

2.26 (0.21)

2.29 (0.21)

BA36 Thk (mm)

2.42 (0.23)

2.41 (0.22)

2.42 (0.23)

2.37 (0.26)

2.36 (0.23)

2.37 (0.24)

PHC Thk (mm)

2.15 (0.12)

2.16 (0.17)

2.15 (0.14)

2.16 (0.16)

2.12 (0.15)

2.14 (0.16)

Plasma p-tau₁₈₁ (pg/ml)

14.9 (11.3)

16.9 (7.4)

15.5 (10.1)

13.4 (8.8)

22.0 (12.8)

17.9 (11.8)

Plasma NfL (pg/ml)

32.4 (13.5)

25.7 (13.2)

33.5 (13.4)

33.2 (16.5)

41.2 (16.4)

37.4 (16.9)

Longitudinal structural MRI date Diff (years)

3.3 (1.1)

3.2 (1.2)

3.3 (1.1)

3.2 (1.1)

2.9 (1.2)

3.1 (1.1)

Longitudinal ADNI-MEM date Diff (years)

3.6 (0.9)

3.5 (1.0)

3.5 (1.0)

3.7 (0.8)

3.4 (1.0)

3.6 (0.9)

Longitudinal CDR-SOB date Diff (years)

3.5 (0.9)

3.5 (0.9)

3.5 (0.9)

3.7 (0.8)

3.5 (0.9)

3.6 (0.8)