From: The dynamics of plasma biomarkers across the Alzheimer’s continuum
Characteristic | CU A−T− N = 43 | CU A+T− N = 17 | CU A+T+ N = 17 | CU A−T+ N = 16 | MCI− N = 48 | MCI+ N = 36 | AD dementia N = 93 | Non-AD dementia N = 68 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 57.02 (6.76) | 61.65 (9.56) | 68.06 (10.87) | 58.88 (7.21) | 61.69 (10.71) | 66.72 (9.82) | 59.48 (8.28) | 62.41 (8.70) | <0.001 |
Male | 18 (41.86%) | 10 (58.82%) | 7 (41.18%) | 6 (37.50%) | 25 (52.08%) | 15 (41.67%) | 38 (40.86%) | 40 (58.82%) | 0.303 |
Education, years | 10.49 (4.22) | 9.00 (3.00) | 7.35 (4.86) | 11.06 (3.43) | 8.91 (3.72) | 9.61 (3.11) | 8.52 (4.26) | 8.52 (4.00) | 0.057 |
APOE ε4 carrier | 3 (7.14%) | 3 (18.75%) | 3 (17.65%) | 2 (12.50%) | 12 (29.27%) | 8 (24.24%) | 33 (37.50%) | 15 (28.85%) | <0.001 |
Family history | 1 (2.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (11.11%) | 3 (9.09%) | 4 (4.30%) | 4 (6.35%) | 0.401 |
MMSE score | 28.70 (1.63) | 28.29 (1.53) | 26.35 (2.78) | 28.38 (1.45) | 25.31 (4.39) | 25.40 (3.47) | 13.76 (6.20) | 16.52 (7.71) | <0.001 |
MoCA score | 25.33 (3.01) | 25.40 (2.50) | 22.50 (4.66) | 26.00 (2.39) | 18.04 (5.02) | 18.29 (4.21) | 8.16 (5.77) | 10.44 (6.80) | <0.001 |
Aβ-PET SUVRs | – | – | – | – | 0.98 (0.09) | 1.06 (0.10) | 1.54 (0.30) | – | <0.001 |
Plasma biomarker | |||||||||
GFAP, pg/ml | 49.18 (14.39) | 97.10 (41.29) | 106.64 (40.73) | 49.71 (13.93) | 68.10 (29.53) | 123.18 (54.82) | 262.66 (92.77) | 132.18 (68.94) | <0.001 |
P-tau181, pg/ml | 1.92 (0.78) | 1.91 (0.58) | 2.92 (1.39) | 1.99 (0.67) | 1.99 (0.89) | 2.88 (1.70) | 4.60 (1.82) | 2.08 (1.16) | <0.001 |
Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | <0.001 |
Aβ42, pg/ml | 4.85 (1.98) | 5.17 (1.31) | 4.41 (0.99) | 4.78 (1.22) | 4.91 (1.39) | 4.92 (2.53) | 4.37 (1.12) | 5.45 (1.76) | 0.003 |
Aβ40, pg/ml | 74.94 (25.62) | 88.01 (21.57) | 89.20 (23.08) | 83.04 (28.28) | 84.55 (26.24) | 96.07 (54.98) | 94.83 (24.18) | 94.08 (32.42) | 0.010 |
NfL, pg/ml | 11.99 (7.87) | 14.12 (8.69) | 19.88 (11.39) | 13.03 (7.21) | 17.27 (11.18) | 36.05 (76.90) | 28.76 (12.34) | 66.28 (74.09) | <0.001 |
CSF biomarker | |||||||||
Aβ42, pg/ml | 327.31 (81.35) | 153.56 (44.18) | 150.19 (37.41) | 371.14 (118.78) | 391.93 (178.47) | 165.10 (93.61) | – | – | <0.001 |
Aβ40, pg/ml | 5553.03 (2168.36) | 4561.35 (1742.51) | 7808.73 (2596.85) | 8116.11 (2409.33) | 7420.14 (2586.36) | 8128.43 (7620.42) | – | – | <0.001 |
Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.02) | – | – | <0.001 |
P-tau181, pg/ml | 38.45 (7.13) | 32.70 (8.69) | 69.42 (18.04) | 58.16 (8.40) | 45.94 (13.50) | 58.79 (25.74) | – | – | <0.001 |
Total-tau, pg/ml | 155.34 (41.24) | 153.56 (53.91) | 345.96 (160.69) | 230.80 (73.82) | 239.77 (146.34) | 328.01 (219.70) | – | – | <0.001 |