Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics in women and men

From: Leading mediators of sex differences in the incidence of dementia in community-dwelling adults in the UK Biobank: a retrospective cohort study

 

Women

Men

P-valuea

Age (years)

57.0 ± 8.1

57.0 ± 8.1

0.85

APOE4 carrierb

  

0.0027

 No

16,3451 (76.1)

164,287 (76.5)

 

 Yes

51,219 (23.9)

50,383 (23.5)

 

Education

  

0.39

 College/university degree

66,142 (30.8)

72,277 (33.7)

 

 Upper secondary

25,972 (12.1)

22,704 (10.6)

 

 Final stage of secondary education

51,428 (24.0)

41,114 (19.2)

 

 Lower secondary

11,151 (5.2)

11,728 (5.5)

 

 First stage of secondary education

9202 (4.3)

19,614 (9.1)

 

 Vocational qualifications

12,300 (5.7)

9617 (4.5)

 

 None of above

38,475 (17.9)

37,616 (17.5)

 

Household income (pounds)

  

<0.0001

 <18,000

53,921 (25.1)

42,798 (19.9)

 

 18,000–30,999

63,354 (29.5)

55,153 (25.7)

 

 31,000–51,999

54,080 (25.2)

59,039 (27.5)

 

 52,000–100,000

34,999 (16.3)

45,899 (21.4)

 

 >100,000

8316 (3.9)

11,781 (5.5)

 

Townsend index

−1.49 ± 2.94

−1.41 ± 3.05

<0.0001

Alcohol consumption

  

<0.0001

 Never

9871 (4.6)

3782 (1.8)

 

 Previous

7821 (3.6)

7146 (3.3)

 

 Current

196,978 (91.8)

203,742 (94.9)

 

Smoking

  

<0.0001

 Never

125,641 (58.5)

103,859 (48.4)

 

 Former

70,067 (32.6)

84,483 (39.4)

 

 Current

18,962 (8.8)

26,328 (12.3)

 

Physical activity (MET-minutes/week)

2561 ± 2179

2795 ± 2712

<0.0001

Diet scorec

4.20 ± 1.38

3.49 ± 1.40

<0.0001

Sleep duration (hours)

7.19 ± 1.10

7.14 ± 1.08

<0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

27.04 ± 5.08

27.84 ± 4.19

<0.0001

Overall health rating

  

<0.0001

 Excellent

37,162 (17.3)

34,003 (15.8)

 

 Good

128,906 (60.0)

120,844 (56.3)

 

 Fair

40,750 (19.0)

48,891 (22.8)

 

 Poor

7852 (3.7)

10,932 (5.1)

 

Long-standing illness, disability, or infirmity

  

<0.0001

 No

149,552 (69.7)

137,645 (64.1)

 

 Yes

65,118 (30.3)

77,025 (35.9)

 

Multimorbidity risk score

0.24 ± 0.27

0.30 ± 0.32

<0.0001

Trunk fat percentage

34.13 ± 7.77

27.62 ± 6.71

<0.0001

Whole body fat percentage

36.58 ± 6.87

25.28 ± 5.82

<0.0001

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

13.52 ± 0.93

15.00 ± 1.00

<0.0001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.58 ± 0.83

1.97 ± 1.12

<0.0001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.58 ± 0.35

1.30 ± 0.30

<0.0001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.63 ± 0.84

3.49 ± 0.83

<0.0001

  1. Data are mean (standard deviation) or N (%). APOE4, apolipoprotein E4; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET, metabolic equivalent
  2. aT-test was used to test the difference of continuous variables between sexes and chi-square for categorical variables
  3. bAPOE4+ dominant model of E3/E4 and E4/E4 was used to define the presence of APOE4
  4. cDiet score was computed based on seven commonly eaten food groups following recommendations on dietary priorities for cardiometabolic health with a higher score representing a healthier diet