Table 1 Baseline characteristic of participants stratified by glucosamine use
Characteristics | Overall (n=495,942) | Glucosamine non-users (n=401,444) | Glucosamine users (n=94,498) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 56.54 (8.09) | 55.94 (8.20) | 59.08 (7.07) | <0.001 |
Female | 270,044 (54.45) | 210,902 (52.54) | 59,142 (62.59) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
White | 467,865 (94.34) | 377,256 (93.97) | 90,609 (95.88) | |
Black | 7906 (1.59) | 6866 (1.71) | 1040 (1.10) | |
South Asian | 11,123 (2.24) | 9627 (2.40) | 1496 (1.58) | |
Mixed background | 7344 (1.48) | 6275 (1.56) | 1069 (1.913) | |
Missing | 1704 (0.34) | 1420 (0.35) | 284 (0.30) | |
Townsend deprivation index | <0.001 | |||
1 (Least deprived) | 99,244 (20.01) | 77,476 (19.30) | 21,768 (23.04) | |
2 | 99,620 (20.09) | 78,450 (19.54) | 21,170 (22.40) | |
3 | 99,304 (20.02) | 79,407b (19.78) | 19,897 (21.06) | |
4 | 98,711 (19.90) | 80,915 (20.16) | 17,796 (18.83) | |
5 (Most deprived) | 99,063 (19.97) | 85,196 (21.22) | 13,867 (14.67) | |
Missing | 618 (0.12) | 538 (0.13) | 80 (0.08) | |
Education attainment | <0.001 | |||
College or university degree | 160,792 (32.42) | 129,576 (32.28) | 31,216 (33.03) | |
Professional qualifications | 245,272 (49.46) | 197,114 (49.10) | 48,158 (50.96) | |
Others | 84,679 (17.07) | 70,392 (17.53) | 14,287 (15.12) | |
Missing | 5199 (1.05) | 4362 (1.09) | 837 (0.89) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.43 (4.79) | 27.45 (4.82) | 27.36 (4.64) | <0.001 |
Smoking status | <0.001 | |||
Never | 270,649 (54.57) | 218,693 (54.48) | 51,956 (54.98) | |
Previous | 171,298 (34.54) | 135,197 (33.68) | 36,101 (38.20) | |
Current | 52,132 (10.51) | 46,012 (11.46) | 6120 (6.48) | |
Missing | 1863 (0.38) | 1542 (0.38) | 321 (0.34) | |
Alcohol consumption (g/day), mean (SD) | 14.54 (18.25) | 14.66 (18.66) | 14.05 (16.37) | <0.001 |
Healthy dieta | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 249,104 (50.23) | 192,905 (48.05) | 56,199 (59.47) | |
No | 242,069 (48.81) | 204,286 (50.89) | 37,783 (39.98) | |
Missing | 4769 (0.96) | 4253 (1.06) | 516 (0.55) | |
APOE ε4 carrier | 137,781 (27.78) | 111,708 (27.83) | 26,073 (27.59) | <0.001 |
Carrier | 137,781 (27.78) | 111,708 (27.83) | 26,073 (27.59) | |
Non-carrier | 346,783 (69.92) | 280,342 (69.83) | 66,441 (70.31) | |
Missing | 11,378 (2.29) | 9394 (2.34) | 1984 (2.10) | <0.001 |
Family history of dementia | 65,161 (13.14) | 50,620 (12.61) | 14,541 (15.39) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mean, mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.69 (1.11) | 5.67 (1.11) | 5.81 (1.09) | <0.001 |
Mineral and vitamin supplements use | 157,450 (31.75) | 104,927 (26.14) | 52,523 (55.58) | <0.001 |
Aspirin use | 69,318 (13.698) | 56,018 (13.95) | 13,300 (14.07) | 0.338 |
Hypertension | 345,726 (69.71) | 278,411 (69.35) | 67,315 (71.23) | <0.001 |
Arthritis | 52,214 (10.53) | 32,973 (8.21) | 19,241 (20.36) | <0.001 |