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Table 3 Cross-sectional and longitudinal multiple linear regression of CSO-PVS with cognitive performance

From: Associations of MRI-visible perivascular spaces with longitudinal cognitive decline across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum

 

Total

CN

MCI

AD

β (95% CI)

p value

β (95% CI)

p value

β (95% CI)

p value

β (95% CI)

p value

Baseline

 ADAS-Cog 13

0.086 (0.044, 0.127)

<0.001*

0.009 (−0.033, 0.050)

0.677

0.060 (0.012, 0.107)

0.014*

0.042 (−0.063, 0.146)

0.432

 MMSE

−0.161 (−0.205, −0.116)

<0.001*

−0.035 (−0.072, 0.002)

0.063

−0.151 (−0.201, −0.101)

<0.001*

−0.190 (−0.314, −0.065)

0.003*

 ADNI-MEM

−0.093 (−0.133, −0.053)

<0.001*

−0.053 (−0.107, 0.001)

0.053

−0.060 (−0.112, −0.008)

0.023*

−0.020 (−0.092, 0.052)

0.585

 ADNI-EF

−0.124 (−0.170, −0.077)

<0.001*

−0.128 (−0.193, −0.062)

<0.001*

−0.134 (−0.197, −0.071)

<0.001*

0.074 (−0.036, 0.185)

0.187

LME model

 ADAS-Cog 13

0.060 (0.026, 0.094)

0.001*

0.025 (0.002, 0.048)

0.032*

0.094 (0.046, 0.142)

<0.001*

0.015 (−0.164, 0.194)

0.870

 MMSE

−0.069 (−0.108, −0.030)

0.001*

−0.054 (−0.081, −0.026)

<0.001*

−0.106 (−0.169, −0.043)

0.001*

0.287 (0.014, 0.559)

0.039*

 ADNI-MEM

−0.058 (−0.090, −0.026 )

<0.001*

−0.073 (−0.109, −0.037)

<0.001*

−0.043 (−0.092, 0.006)

0.085

0.018 (−0.126, 0.162)

0.805

 ADNI-EF

−0.048 (−0.083, −0.012)

0.009*

−0.042 (−0.079, −0.006)

0.023*

−0.020 (−0.075, 0.035)

0.473

−0.088 (−0.308, 0.132)

0.432

  1. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, apo ɛ4, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, smoking, WMH volume, hippocampus volume, and intracranial volume. Continuous independent variables and covariates in the models were z-scored prior to analysis for standardization. In the LME model, CSO-PVS*time was the effect of interest, as it reflected whether CSO-PVS moderated the relationship between time and cognitive decline. *p < 0.0.5. CSO centrum semiovale, PVS perivascular spaces, CN control, MCI mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer disease, ADAS-Cog 13 13-item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ADNI-MEM ADNI memory composite score, ADNI-EF ADNI executive function score, ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, LME linear mixed-effects model