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Table 2 Deep learning techniques in all included papers

From: Deep learning-based speech analysis for Alzheimer’s disease detection: a literature review

References

Year

Task

Sample

Feature type

Classifier

Pre-train

Evaluation

Metrics

Best Performance

Bertini, F. et al. [33]

2022

SS-PD-CT1

AD (137)/HC (43)

AE

auDeep

Yes

CV

Accuracy

93.30%

Meghanani, A. et al. [34]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (54)/non-AD (54)

TLF

FNN

No

Test

Accuracy

83.33%

Rohanian, M. et al. [35]

2021

SS-PD-CT3

AD (122)/HC (115)

TAF/TLF/DF

biLSTM

No

Test

Accuracy

84%

Shah Syed, M.S. et al. [36]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (72)/non-AD (72)

TAF

LSTMa

No

Test

Accuracy

74.55%

Mahajan, P. et al. [37]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (82)/non-AD (82)

TAF/DF/TLF/DeF

CNN+biLSTMa

No

Test

Accuracy

72.92%

Meghanani, A [34].

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

TAF

CNN+LSTM

No

Test

Accuracy

64.58%

Lindsay, Hali et al. [38]

2021

VF4

HC (66)/MCI (66)

LE

SVM

Yes

CV

AUC

 

Rodrigues Makiuchi, M. et al. [39]

2021

SS-PD-CT1SS-CVS1

CT1: AD (168)/HC (98) CVS1: AD (49)/MCI (42)/HC (72)

TAF

GCNN

No

CV

Accuracy

 

Liu, Z. et al. [40]

2021

SS-PD-CT1

AD (252)/HC (232)

AE

CNN+biLSTMa

Yes

CV

Accuracy

82.59%

Wang, N. et al. [41]

2021

SS-PD-CT3

AD (87)/HC (79)

TLF/LE

C-Attention-Unified model

Yes

Test

Accuracy

80.28%

Bertini, F. et al. [42]

2021

SS-CVS2SS-PD2

eD (16)/MCI (32)/HC (48)

TAF

FNN

Yes

CV

Accuracy

90.57%

Roshanzamir, A. et al. [43]

2021

SS-PD-CT1

AD (170)/HC (99)

LE

LR

Yes

CV

Accuracy

88.08%

Saltz, P. et al. [44]

2021

SS-PD-CT2SS-PD-CT1

CT2: AD (78)/non-AD (78)

LE

BERTXLNet

Yes

CV

Accuracy

 

Liu, Z. et al. [45]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (87)/non-AD (79)

TLF/TAF/LE

BERT

Yes

CV

Accuracy

97.18%

Guo, Y. et al. [46]

2021

SS-PD-CT2SS-PD-CT4

CT2: AD (78)/non-AD (78) CT4: AD (115)/HC(839)

LE

BERT

Yes

Test

Accuracy

82.10%

Pan, Y. et al. [47]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

LE

BERT large

Yes

Test

Accuracy

84.51%

Chlasta, K. et al. [48]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

AE

DemCNN

Yes

Test

Accuracy

62.50%

Gauder, L. et al. [49]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (87)/non-AD (79)

AE

CNN

Yes

Test

Accuracy

78.90%

Haulcy, R. et al. [50]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

LE

SVM, RF

Yes

Test

Accuracy

85.40%

Syed, Z.S. et al. [51]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

TLF/LE

SVM, LR

Yes

Test

Accuracy

91.67%

Tsai, A.C. Y. et al. [52]

2021

SS-Recall1 & SS-PD-CT6SS-PD-CT1

SS-Recall1 & SS-PD-CT6 : AD (40)/HC (40)CT1: AD (257)/HC (242)

LE

BERT

Yes

Test

Accuracy

 

Zhu, Y. et al. [53]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

AE/LE

Longformer

Yes

Test

Accuracy

89.58%

Aparna Balagopalan et al. [54]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

LE

BERT

Yes

Test

Accuracy

83.32%

Yuan, J. et al. [55]

2021

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

LE

ERNIE-large

Yes

Test

Accuracy

89.60%

Xue, C. et al. [56]

2021

SS-CVS9

dementia (330)/MCI (451)/HC (483)

TAF

LSTM

No

CV

Accuracy

67.50%

Roozbeh, S. et al. [57]

2021

SS-PD-CT5

AD (26)/46 (HC)

TAF/TLF

FNN

No

CV

Accuracy

93.05%

Koo, J. et al. [58]

2020

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

TAF/TLF/AE

CNN+biLSTMa

Yes

Test

Accuracy

81.25%

Cummins, N. et al. [59]

2020

SS-PD-CT2

AD (54)/non-AD (54)

TAF/LE

biLSTMa

Yes

Test

Accuracy

85.20%

Sarawgi, U. et al. [60]

2020

SS-PD-CT1

SS-PD-CT2

CT1: AD (168)/HC (99)CT2: AD (78)/non-AD (78)

TLF/TAF

FNN

No

CV

Test

Accuracy

Accuracy

 

La Fuente Garcia, S. D. et al. [61]

2020

SS-PD-CT1SS-CVS3

CT1: AD (82)/HC (82) CVS3: AD (30)/HC (16)

TAF

FNN

No

Test

UAR

 

Lopez-De-Ipina, K. et al. [62]

2020

VF1

MCI (38)/HC (62)

TAF

CNN

No

CV

Accuracy

92%

Casanova, E. et al. [63]

2020

SS-Recall2SS-Recall3SS-PD4SS-PD5

AD (41)/MCI (55)/HC (194)

TLF

RNN+CRFa

Yes

CV

F1-score

81.00%

Pan, Y. et al. [64]

2020

SS-CVS4

ND (21)/MCI (24)/HC (25)

AE

LRSVM

Yes

CV

F1-score

 

Searle, T. et al. [65]

2020

SS-PD-CT2

AD (78)/non-AD (78)

LE

DistilBERT

Yes

Test

Accuracy

81%

Li, Y [66].

2020

SS-PD-CT1

AD (155)/HC (145)

DeF/LE/TLF/TLF

LR

Yes

CV

Accuracy

91.25%

Rosas, D.S. et al. [14]

2019

SS-CVS3

Dementia (62)/HC (160)

TLF

FNN

No

Test

Accuracy

86.42%

Chien, Y.W. et al. [67]

2019

SS-Recall5

AD (30)/HC (30)

TAF

biLSTM

Yes

Test

AUC

83.80%

Fritsch, J. et al. [68]

2019

SS-PD-CT1

AD (168)/HC (98)

TLF

LSTM

No

CV

Accuracy

85.60%

Hong, S.Y. et al. [69]

2019

SS-PD-CT1

AD (169)/HC (99)

LE

RNNa

Yes

CV

Accuracy

83.50%

Gabor, G. et al. [27]

2019

SS-CVS5SS-Recall4

mAD (25)/MCI (25)/HC (25)

TLF/DF/DeF

SVM

Yes

CV

Accuracy

86.00%

Themistocleous, C. et al. [70]

2018

Reading

HC (30)/MCI (25)

TAF/DeF

FNN

No

CV

Accuracy

83%

Klumpp, P. et al. [71]

2018

SS-PD-CT1

AD (168)/HC (98)

LE

FNN

No

Test

Accuracy

84.40%

Lopez-De-Ipina, K. et al. [72]

2018

VF1SS-CVS6SS-PD3

VF1: MCI (38)/HC (62)CVS6: AD (20)/HC (20)PD3: AD (6)/HC (12)

TAF

CNN

No

CV

Accuracy

 

Orimaye, S. O. et al. [73]

2018

SS-PD-CT1

AD task: AD (99)/HC (99) MCI task: MCI (19)/HC (19)

TLF

D2NNLM-5n

No

Test

AUC

 

Warnita, T. et al. [74]

2018

SS-PD-CT1

AD (169)/HC (98)

TAF

GCNN

No

CV

Accuracy

73.60%

Chien, Y. W. et al. [23]

2018

VF2VF3

AD (30)/HC (30)

TAF

biLSTM

Yes

Test

AUC

95.40%

Lopez-de-Ipina, K. et al. [12]

2017

VF1SS-CVS6SS-PD3

MCI (40)/HC (60)

TAF

CNN

No

CV

Accuracy

 

Lopez-de-Ipina, K. et al. [21]

2017

VF1

MCI (38)/HC (62)

TAF

CNN

No

CV

Accuracy

75%

D Beltrami et al. [75]

2016

SS-CVS7

SS-PD1

MCI (19)/HC (20)

TLF/TAF

FNN

No

CV

CV

F1-score

F1-score

 

Laszlo, T. et al. [76]

2016

SS-CVS5SS-Recall4

MCI (48)/HC (36)

DF/DeF

SVM

Yes

CV

Accuracy

88.10%

Laszlo, T. et al. [16]

2015

SS-CVS8

MCI (32)/HC (19)

TAF/DF

SVM

Yes

CV

Accuracy

80.40%

Lopez-de-Ipina, K. et al. [26]

2013

SS-CVS6

AD (20)/HC (20)

TAF/DF

FNN

No

CV

Accuracy

94.60%

  1. a in Classifier means attention-based method. The full names of abbreviations can be found in “Abbreviations”