The effects of a moderate physical activity intervention on physical fitness and cognition in healthy elderly with low levels of physical activity: a randomized controlled trial

Table 11 Results of the mixed models per-protocol analyses on serum concentrations assessed at 6 months (T1)

Outcome	Intervention group N = 50	Control group N = 25	Model A N = 75			Model B N = 70
Serum concentrations	Mean (sd)	Mean (sd)	B (95% CI)	P value	d	B (95% CI)	P value	d
IGF-1
Baseline	14.32 (4.04)	13.82 (4.34)
6 months	15.80 (3.77)	14.58 (4.10)	0.42 (− 0.24 to 1.08)	.21	.10	0.41 (− 0.33 to 1.15)	.28	.10
Insulin
Baseline	50.37 (36.57)	56.79 (39.78)
6 months	43.64 (40.51)	48.10 (21.24)	0.82 (− 5.15 to 6.79)	.79	.02	2.25 (− 4.39 to 8.88)	.51	.06
Total cholesterol
Baseline	5.40 (1.21)	5.21 (1.17)
6 months	5.51 (1.21)	5.16 (0.93)	0.01 (− 0.12 to 0.14)	.91	.01	0.002 (− 0.15 to 0.15)	.98	.002
HDL-cholesterol
Baseline	1.42 (0.46)	1.48 (0.37)
6 months	1.47 (0.47)	1.51 (0.33)	− 0.03 (− 0.08 to 0.01)	.14	.07	− 0.03 (− 0.08 to 0.02)	.18	.07
Triglycerides
Baseline	1.51 (0.76)	1.54 (1.14)
6 months	1.57 (0.96)	1.41 (0.63)	0.06 (− 0.07 to 0.20)	.37	.06	0.06 (− 0.09 to 0.22)	.42	.06

Model A: adjusted for y at baseline, age, and sex. Model B: adjusted for y at baseline, age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 carrier status. PA Physical activity as measured in daily number of steps taken, ADL Activities of daily living, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1, HDL High-density lipoprotein, d Cohen’s d

ISSN: 1758-9193