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Table 1 Clinical and demographic features of the diagnostic cohorts

From: Visinin-like protein 1 levels in blood and CSF as emerging markers for Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases

 

Con

AD

PD spectrum

bvFTD

ALS

CJD

N

75

73

26

18

20

22

f/m

45/30

47/26

11/15

9/9

8/12

14/8

Age (years)

69±13

70±8

70±8

68±10

64±13

65±8

CSF VILIP-1 [pg/ml]a

91 (72−119)

154 (119−220)

112 (62−166)

105 (81−134)

98 (64−141)

624 (326−1173)

Serum VILIP-1 [pg/ml]b

23 (18–31)

33 (24–36)

27 (18–32)

28 (21–42)

26 (20–46)

96 (52–142)

CSF t-tau [pg/ml]c

239 (159–307)

689 (517–932)

285 (152–325)

331 (260–426)

199 (141–337)

8275 (4403–19,408)

CSF p-tau 181

49 (36–70)

120 (94–148)

49 (36–64)

43 (27–57)

37 (29–57)

N/A

CSF Abeta 1-42 [pg/ml]d

985 (778–1255)

487 (417–593)

899 (517–1116)

871 (735–1157)

945 (786–1147)

N/A

MMSE

N/A

23 (17–26)

28 (23.5–29)

26 (24–27)

N/A

N/A

CDR SOB

N/A

3.5 (2–5)

0.5 (0–2.5)

3.75 (2.5–8.9)

N/A

N/A

  1. Age in mean±SD. For all other concentrations, the median and IQR are shown. aAD vs. Con and CJD vs. Con, PD spectrum, FTD, ALS p<0.0001. AD vs. ALS p=0.006, vs. PD spectrum p=0.0055, vs. FTD p=0.0032, vs. CJD p=0.0029. bAD vs. Con p=0.0057, CJD vs. Con, vs. AD, vs PD spectrum p<0.0001. CJD vs. FTD p=0.0002. CJD vs. ALS p=0.0004. cAD and CJD vs. all other groups p<0.0001. AD vs. CJD p=0.033. dAD vs. all other groups p<0.0001; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CDR SOB, clinical dementia rating sum of boxes; CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Con, non-neurodegenerative control; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; f, female; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; IQR, interquartile range; m, male; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; N/A, not applicable; PD, Parkinson’s disease