Fig. 4

Serum biomarker relations to the longitudinal outcome. Serum biomarker levels were correlated against longitudinal PACC score values and plotted as one standard deviation (SD) above and below the mean standardized biomarker level. Available subject numbers throughout follow-ups were as follows: baseline, N = 289; Y1, 245; Y2, 213; Y3, 164; Y4, 89; Y5, 20. Correlations are displayed with confidence intervals. Results are adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and APOE status. Serum FABP-3 did not differ at baseline, but higher baseline levels predicted cognitive decline at follow-up (A, p = 0.003). In contrast, sAXL (B) did not predict change over time, but differed at baseline, with higher levels in subjects with stronger cognitive impairment (p = 0.003)