Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study groups at baseline
Aβ (−) (n = 31) | Aβ (+) (n = 125) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75.3 (8.59) | 74.3 (7.31) | 0.542 |
Sex | |||
Male | 21 (67.7%) | 84 (67.2%) | 1 |
Female | 10 (32.3%) | 41 (32.8%) | |
Education (years) | 15.6 (3.32) | 16.1 (2.85) | 0.461 |
History of hypertension | |||
No | 12 (38.7%) | 50 (40.0%) | 1 |
Yes | 19 (61.3%) | 75 (60.0%) | |
History of diabetes mellitus | |||
No | 26 (83.9%) | 110 (88.0%) | 0.752 |
Yes | 5 (16.1%) | 15 (12.0%) | |
PPARγ agonists usea | |||
No | 31 (100%) | 124 (99.2%) | 1 |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Ever smoker | |||
No | 15 (48.4%) | 75 (60.0%) | 0.333 |
Yes | 16 (51.6%) | 50 (40.0%) | |
History of alcohol abuse | |||
No | 28 (90.3%) | 119 (95.2%) | 0.540 |
Yes | 3 (9.7%) | 6 (4.8%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 (2.50) | 24.6 (2.51) | 0.321 |
Plasma insulin (uIU/mL) | 3.12 (3.37) | 2.32 (2.79) | 0.227 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 69.4 (16.3) | 69.8 (15.0) | 0.907 |
Plasma adiponectin (μg/mL) | 6.33 (3.70) | 6.77 (3.95) | 0.564 |
Plasma leptin (ng/mL) | 10.5 (9.79) | 9.61 (9.29) | 0.632 |
CSF Aβ (pg/mL)b | 1530 (181) | 625 (182) | < 0.001 |
Number of APOE ε4 allele | |||
0 | 26 (83.9%) | 47 (37.6%) | < 0.001 |
1 | 5 (16.1%) | 61 (48.8%) | |
2 | 0 (0%) | 17 (13.6%) | |
ADAS-Cog | 9.34 (3.93) | 12.4 (4.73) | < 0.001 |
Cortical thickness in PHC, right (mm) | 2.46 (0.340) | 2.34 (0.317) | 0.097 |
Cortical thickness in PHC, left (mm) | 2.49 (0.334) | 2.37 (0.367) | 0.089 |
Cortical thickness in ERC, right (mm) | 3.31 (0.468) | 3.11 (0.502) | 0.041 |
Cortical thickness in ERC, left (mm) | 3.04 (0.554) | 2.98 (0.510) | 0.606 |
Follow-up period (months) | 56.7 (41.7) | 53.7 (37.6) | 0.713 |
Number of repeated measurements | |||
ADAS-Cog | 7.06 (3.48) | 6.44 (2.78) | 0.359 |
MRI | 5.26 (1.75) | 5.34 (2.04) | 0.814 |