From: Blood-based lipidomic signature of severe obstructive sleep apnoea in Alzheimer’s disease
All (n=103) | Non-severe OSA (AHI<30/h) (n = 63) | Severe OSA (AHI≥30/h) (n = 40) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Age at baseline visit (years), median [IQR] | 76.0 [72.0; 80.0] | 75.0 [71.5; 79.5] | 78.0 [72.8; 80.0] | 0.14 |
Gender (female), n (%) | 61 (59.2%) | 42 (66.7%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.085 |
Education (years), mean (SD) | 7.31 (2.68) | 7.46 (2.32) | 7.08 (3.19) | 0.511 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.7 [25.0; 31.1] | 27.6 [24.7; 30.6] | 28.1 [26.8; 32.4] | 0.081 |
Medical disorders | ||||
Hypertension (yes), n (%) | 60 (58.3%) | 37 (58.7%) | 23 (57.5%) | 0.999 |
Diabetes (yes), n (%) | 19 (18.4%) | 13 (20.6%) | 6 (15.0%) | 0.999 |
Hypercholesterolaemia (yes), n (%) | 42 (40.8%) | 24 (38.1%) | 18 (45.0%) | 0.625 |
Depression (yes), n (%) | 29 (28.2%) | 18 (28.6%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.999 |
Smoker | 0.662 | |||
Nonsmoker, n (%) | 82 (79.6%) | 48 (76.2%) | 34 (85.0%) | |
Current, n (%) | 1 (0.97%) | 1 (1.59%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Former, n (%) | 20 (19.4%) | 14 (22.2%) | 6 (15.0%) | |
Family history of AD (yes), n (%) | 40 (38.8%) | 21 (33.3%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.219 |
Use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine (yes), n (%) | 98 (95.1%) | 60 (95.2%) | 38 (95.0%) | 0.999 |
Polysomnography parameters | ||||
AHI (events/h), median [IQR] | 23.6 [12.2; 47.7] | 15.0 [7.47; 20.3] | 52.2 [42.3; 62.0] | <0.001 |
CT90, % | 2.20 [0.31; 9.31] | 1.12 [0.18; 4.86] | 5.80 [1.07; 14.9] | 0.004 |
Mean SaO2, % | 93.0 [92.0; 94.0] | 93.0 [92.0; 94.0] | 93.0 [92.0; 93.0] | 0.269 |
Minimum SaO2, % | 84.0 [79.0; 87.0] | 86.0 [82.0; 88.0] | 81.5 [78.0; 85.0] | 0.003 |
Arousal index, events/h | 37.6 [26.2; 49.5] | 29.0 [19.7; 40.6] | 46.1 [40.0; 55.8] | <0.001 |
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (0–24), median [IQR] | 5.00 [2.50; 8.00] | 5.00 [2.00; 8.00] | 5.00 [3.00; 8.00] | 0.773 |
STOP-Bang score | ||||
MMSE score | 23.0 [22.0; 25.0] | 23.0 [22.0; 25.0] | 24.0 [22.0; 25.0] | 0.512 |
AD biomarkers | ||||
Aβ42 CSF (pg/ml), median [IQR] | 493 [399; 580] | 489 [393; 584] | 505 [406; 564] | 0.679 |
Total tau CSF (pg/ml), median [IQR] | 494 [350; 696] | 494 [369; 707] | 469 [346; 684] | 0.676 |
Phospho-tau CSF (pg/ml), median [IQR] | 81.0 [55.4; 97.5] | 80.0 [58.0; 95.0] | 81.0 [55.1; 98.0] | 0.929 |
ApoE Ɛ4 (carrier), n (%) | 55 (53.4%) | 32 (50.8%) | 23 (57.5%) | 0.644 |
Medications | ||||
ACE inhibitors, % | 32 (31.1%) | 21 (33.3%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.707 |
Beta-blockers, % | 16 (15.5%) | 7 (11.1%) | 9 (22.5%) | 0.202 |
Diuretic agents, % | 30 (29.1%) | 21 (33.3%) | 9 (22.5%) | 0.339 |
Calcium-channel blockers, % | 13 (12.6%) | 9 (14.3%) | 4 (10.0%) | 0.738 |
Lipid-lowering agents, % | 43 (41.7%) | 24 (38.1%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.376 |
Insulin, % | 2 (1.94%) | 1 (1.59%) | 1 (2.50%) | 0.999 |