Fig. 1

Aβ pathology and pTau pathology in TgF344-AD rats. A Biochemical analysis of soluble Aβ monomers and oligomers. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. The marks show the concentrations of each individual animal; individual values were normalized to the mean values of the WT across both ages. Mann–Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were performed to evaluate statistical differences in concentrations. B Representative histological images of Aβ plaques (light blue—arrowheads) in TgF344-AD rats. Nuclei are counterstained in gray. C Representative images of pTau accumulation (red) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and CA1 region of the hippocampus (CA1). Nuclei are counterstained in gray. D Graphs represent the percentage area positive for pTau for 10 different brain regions (mean ± SEM). The blue color represents the wild-type (WT) animals, while the orange represents the TgF344-rats. Dashed lines indicate significant genotype effects (black) or age effects (red) from 2-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. CG cingulate cortex, RSC retrosplenial cortex, mENT medial entorhinal cortex, SS somatosensory cortex, MS medial septum, DG dentate gyrus, LC locus coeruleus, HDB/SI horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca/substantia innominata, NBM nucleus basalis of Meynert