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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by incident dementia status

From: Associations of resting heart rate with incident dementia, cognition, and brain structure: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank

 

Overall

Non-dementia

Incident dementia

P

N

339901

335724

4177

 

Age (mean (SD))

57.29 (7.92)

57.20 (7.91)

64.49 (4.51)

< 0.001

Sex, female (%)

156895 (46.2)

154670 (46.1)

2225 (53.3)

< 0.001

Education (mean (SD))

4.81 (2.42)

4.82 (2.42)

4.12 (2.35)

< 0.001

APOE 4 carrier (%)

97298 (28.6)

95020 (28.3)

2278 (54.5)

< 0.001

Physical activity (mean (SD))

2268.38 (2307.41)

2269.71 (2307.79)

2162.01 (2274.12)

0.003

BMI (mean (SD))

27.52 (4.79)

27.51 (4.78)

27.76 (4.94)

0.001

Total cholesterol (mean (SD))

5.70 (1.15)

5.71 (1.15)

5.52 (1.29)

< 0.001

Smoking status (%)

   

< 0.001

 Never smoked

181967 (53.5)

180060 (53.6)

1907 (45.7)

 

 Former smoker

122727 (36.1)

120877 (36.0)

1850 (44.3)

 

 Current smoker

35207 (10.4)

34787 (10.4)

420 (10.1)

 

Hypertension (%)

167914 (49.4)

165376 (49.3)

2538 (60.8)

< 0.001

Diabetes (%)

17473 (5.1)

16898 (5.0)

575 (13.8)

< 0.001

CVDs (%)

22391 (6.6)

21618 (6.4)

773 (18.5)

< 0.001

Heart rate reducing medication (%)

25921 (7.6)

25226 (7.5)

695 (16.6)

< 0.001

Resting heart rate (mean (SD))

69.61 (11.74)

69.60 (11.72)

70.46 (12.64)

< 0.001

Resting heart rate (%)

   

< 0.001

 < 60 bpm

63711 (18.7)

62927 (18.7)

784 (18.8)

 

 60~70 bpm

118650 (34.9)

117309 (34.9)

1341 (32.1)

 

 70~80 bpm

95571 (28.1)

94427 (28.1)

1144 (27.4)

 

 > 80 bpm

61969 (18.2)

61061 (18.2)

908 (21.7)

 
  1. Shown are numbers (%) or mean (SD). P-values are derived using either Student’s t-test or chi-square test
  2. Abbreviations: APOE 4 apolipoprotein, BMI body mass index, CVDs cardiovascular diseases