Fig. 1
PUFAs, eicosanoids, and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and their regulation by phospholipase A2, 5-LOX, and sEH enzymes. ApoE4 sustains cPLA2 activation more than ApoE3. Red squares represent inflammatory components, while blue squares represent pro-resolving mediators. White squares are analytes where biological activity has not been clearly ascertained. Abbreviations: cPLA2, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2; iPLA2, calcium-independent phospholipase A2; AA, arachidonic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; PGs, prostaglandins; TXs, thromboxanes; 12-HHT, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid; HETEs, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids; HEPEs, hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids; HDHAs, hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids; LTs, leukotrienes; LXs, lipoxins; EETs, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids; DHETs, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids; RvEs, E-series resolvins, MaRs, maresins; RvDs, D-series resolvins; NPDs, neuroprotectins; 5-LOX, 5-lipoxygenase; sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase