Table 1 Characteristics of 64 patients with VLOSLP
|  | All | Not tested for DLB biomarkers (n = 30) | Tested for DLB biomarkers (n = 34) | Effect size | p†|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, female (%) | 48 (75%) | 20 (66.7%) | 28 (83.4%) | 0.181 | 0.148 |
Age, years | 78.5 (6.4) | 77.7 (6.2) | 79.1 (6.5) | − 0.117 | 0.349 |
Onset age, years | 75.8 (7.0) | 75.3 (6.8) | 76.2 (7.2) | − 0.090 | 0.471 |
Education duration, years | 12.3 (2.2) | 12.4 (2.5) | 12.3 (1.9) | − 0.031 | 0.803 |
Cognitive battery | |||||
 MMSE | 26.4 (1.8) | 26.0 (1.7) | 26.7 (1.8) | − 0.186 | 0.137 |
 WMS-R LM I | 10.7 (5.7) | 9.4 (4.9) | 11.8 (6.1) | − 0.187 | 0.136 |
 WMS-R LM II | 5.0 (4.5) | 4.1 (4.2) | 5.8 (4.7) | − 0.185 | 0.139 |
 DSST, ssa | 9.7 (3.2) | 10.4 (3.0) | 9.0 (3.2) | − 0.221 | 0.093 |
 BDT, ssb | 9.2 (3.1) | 9.3 (2.9) | 9.1 (3.3) | − 0.013 | 0.923 |
 Digit span, ssb | 10.7 (3.9) | 10.9 (3.5) | 10.5 (3.3) | − 0.048 | 0.718 |
 Information, ssb | 10.2 (2.4) | 10.2 (2.3) | 10.2 (2.4) | − 0.020 | 0.878 |
NPI-plusc | |||||
 Delusions | 3.9 (4.0) | 2.3 (2.9) | 5.5 (4.3) | − 0.395d | 0.002* |
 Hallucinations | 2.3 (3.5) | 0.8 (1.1) | 3.7 (4.3) | − 0.375d | 0.003* |
 Agitation/aggression | 1.1 (2.7) | 1.7 (3.1) | 0.6 (2.3) | − 0.282 | 0.027* |
 Dysphoria/depression | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.9 (1.8) | − 0.043 | 0.733 |
 Anxiety | 1.2 (2.6) | 0.7 (2.3) | 1.7 (2.9) | − 0.246 | 0.053 |
 Euphoria | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.0 (0.2) | − 0.087 | 0.495 |
 Apathy | 3.1 (3.7) | 3.6 (3.5) | 2.6 (3.9) | − 0.209 | 0.101 |
 Disinhibition | 1.0 (2.6) | 1.2 (2.8) | 0.8 (2.5) | − 0.130 | 0.308 |
 Irritability | 1.3 (2.9) | 1.8 (3.4) | 0.8 (2.3) | − 0.098 | 0.442 |
 Aberrant motor behavior | 0.4 (1.8) | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.5 (2.2) | − 0.067 | 0.596 |
 Nighttime behavior | 2.0 (2.9) | 1.9 (3.0) | 2.2 (2.8) | − 0.092 | 0.467 |
 Appetite | 1.7 (3.2) | 2.3 (3.7) | 1.2 (2.6) | − 0.148 | 0.244 |
 Cognitive fluctuation | 1.0 (2.0) | 0.5 (1.3) | 1.6 (2.4) | − 0.275 | 0.030* |
Contents of delusions | |||||
 At least one delusion | 49 (76.6%) | 18 (60.0%) | 31 (91.2%) | 0.367d | 0.003* |
 Delusion of persecution | 26 (40.6%) | 8 (26.7%) | 18 (52.9%) | 0.267 | 0.033* |
 Delusion of theft | 25 (39.1%) | 10 (33.3%) | 15 (44.1%) | 0.110 | 0.378 |
 Delusional jealousy | 6 (9.4%) | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (11.8%) | 0.087 | 0.485 |
 Phantom-border delusion | 20 (31.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 15 (44.1%) | 0.296 | 0.018* |
 Misidentification of person | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.118 | 0.344 |
 Misidentification of place | 2 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0.169 | 0.177 |
 Delusion of abandonment | 4 (6.3%) | 3(10.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.146 | 0.244 |
 Misidentification of TV | 3 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (8.8%) | 0.208 | 0.096 |
 Other delusions | 8 (12.5%) | 2 (6.7%) | 6 (17.6%) | 0.166 | 0.185 |
Modalities of hallucinations | |||||
 At least one hallucination | 35 (54.7%) | 11 (36.7%) | 24 (70.6%) | 0.340d | 0.007* |
 Auditory hallucinations | 23 (35.9%) | 8 (26.7%) | 15 (44.1%) | 0.181 | 0.147 |
 Monolog | 10 (15.6%) | 3(10.0%) | 7 (20.6%) | 0.146 | 0.244 |
 Visual hallucinations | 18 (28.1%) | 3(10.0%) | 15 (44.1%) | 0.379d | 0.002* |
 Hallucinations of smell | 3 (4.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.088 | 0.482 |
 Tactile hallucinations | 2 (3.1%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.011 | 0.928 |
 Hallucinations of taste | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - |
 Other hallucinations | 4 (6.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 3 (8.8%) | 0.113 | 0.365 |
Medications | |||||
 Antipsychotics | 12 (18.8%) | 5 (16.7%) | 7 (20.6%) | 0.050 | 0.688 |
 Benzodiazepine | 22 (34.4%) | 10 (33.3%) | 12 (35.3%) | 0.021 | 0.869 |
 Anticholinergic drugs | 2 (3.1%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.011 | 0.928 |