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Table 2 Associations of significantly associated Olink Biomarker levels with all-cause dementia incidence. For associations of not significantly associated biomarkers, see Supplemental Table 6

From: Association of the inflammation-related proteome with dementia development at older age: results from a large, prospective, population-based cohort study

Olink Biomarker

Value of 1 SD

All-cause dementia (n=504 cases)

OR (95% CI)

per 1 SD*

p-value

per 1 SD

FDR corrected

p-value†

ADA

0.635

1.17 (1.05-1.32)

0.0055

0.0098

AXIN1

1.140

1.14 (1.02-1.28)

0.0257

0.0352

CASP-8

1.364

1.15 (1.02-1.29)

0.0194

0.0279

CCL3

1.508

1.14 (1.02-1.27)

0.0259

0.0352

CCL4

1.099

1.19 (1.06-1.33)

0.0032

0.0066

CCL11

0.697

1.29 (1.14-1.46)

0.0001

0.0003

CCL19

1.199

1.17 (1.05-1.32)

0.0063

0.0108

CCL20

1.540

1.18 (1.05-1.32)

0.0041

0.0082

CCL23

0.732

1.29 (1.14-1.46)

<0.0001

0.0003

CCL25

0.763

1.17 (1.03-1.32)

0.0122

0.0187

CCL28

0.548

1.27 (1.13-1.43)

<0.0001

0.0003

CD5

0.523

1.26 (1.12-1.42)

0.0002

0.0007

CD6

0.757

1.19 (1.05-1.34)

0.0048

0.0093

CD40

0.734

1.20 (1.07-1.36)

0.0022

0.0050

CD244

0.587

1.38 (1.22-1.57)

<0.0001

0.0003

CDCP1

0.894

1.20 (1.06-1.36)

0.0030

0.0064

CSF-1

0.425

1.24 (1.09-1.41)

0.0013

0.0032

CST5

0.698

1.17 (1.04-1.32)

0.0112

0.0179

CX3CL1

0.669

1.41 (1.24-1.60)

<0.0001

0.0003

CXCL1

0.901

1.17 (1.05-1.32)

0.0065

0.0109

CXCL5

0.957

1.33 (1.17-1.51)

<0.0001

0.0003

CXCL6

0.848

1.28 (1.14-1.44)

0.0001

0.0003

CXCL9

0.953

1.19 (1.05-1.34)

0.0052

0.0096

CXCL10

0.953

1.16 (1.03-1.30)

0.0138

0.0207

CXCL11

1.051

1.18 (1.05-1.33)

0.0051

0.0096

DNER

0.488

1.36 (1.20-1.55)

<0.0001

0.0003

EN-RAGE

1.307

1.41 (1.25-1.60)

<0.0001

0.0003

FGF-19

1.089

1.21 (1.08-1.35)

0.0013

0.0032

Flt3L

0.629

1.21 (1.07-1.36)

0.0018

0.0042

GDNF

0.506

1.16 (1.03-1.30)

0.0149

0.0219

HGF

0.719

1.34 (1.18-1.52)

<0.0001

0.0003

IL-7

0.798

1.14 (1.02-1.28)

0.0246

0.0347

IL-10

0.863

1.20 (1.07-1.35)

0.0023

0.0050

IL-18

0.763

1.33 (1.17-1.50)

<0.0001

0.0003

IL-10RA

0.788

1.12 (1.01-1.25)

0.0362

0.0461

IL-10RB

0.533

1.29 (1.14-1.46)

0.0001

0.0003

IL-15RA

0.359

1.22 (1.09-1.38)

0.0009

0.0026

IL-18R1

0.602

1.27 (1.13-1.44)

0.0001

0.0003

LAP TGF-beta-1

0.574

1.37 (1.21-1.55)

<0.0001

0.0003

LIF-R

0.503

1.37 (1.21-1.56)

<0.0001

0.0003

MCP-2

0.769

1.18 (1.05-1.33)

0.0069

0.0113

MCP-4

0.927

1.23 (1.08-1.39)

0.0015

0.0036

MMP-10

0.761

1.22 (1.08-1.37)

0.0010

0.0028

NT-3

0.544

1.24 (1.10-1.39)

0.0003

0.0009

OPG

0.609

1.39 (1.22-1.58)

<0.0001

0.0003

PD-L1

0.600

1.30 (1.15-1.47)

<0.0001

0.0003

SCF

0.624

1.15 (1.01-1.29)

0.0281

0.0375

SIRT2

1.157

1.13 (1.01-1.27)

0.0371

0.0461

ST1A1

1.304

1.13 (1.01-1.27)

0.0365

0.0461

STAMBP

0.833

1.18 (1.05-1.32)

0.0056

0.0098

TGF-alpha

0.829

1.21 (1.08-1.37)

0.0011

0.0029

TNFRSF9

0.636

1.23 (1.09-1.39)

0.0006

0.0018

TNFSF14

1.064

1.16 (1.03-1.30)

0.0119

0.0186

TRAIL

0.513

1.31 (1.16-1.49)

<0.0001

0.0003

TRANCE

0.753

1.14 (1.01-1.28)

0.0344

0.0450

TWEAK

0.647

1.35 (1.19-1.53)

<0.0001

0.0003

VEGF-A

0.794

1.40 (1.24-1.59)

<0.0001

0.0003

uPA

0.604

1.36 (1.20-1.54)

<0.0001

0.0003

  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, FDR false discovery rate, For biomarker abbreviations, see Supplemental Table 1
  2. All associations between Olink Biomarkers and the dementia outcome in this table are statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (FDR corrected p < 0.05). The lines for the most important biomarkers, CX3CL1 and EN-RAGE, which were also independently from other Olink biomarkers associated with the dementia outcome, are printed in bold. However, please note that this table shows their association with the outcome when they are put singularly in the multivariate logistic regression model
  3. * Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age (continuously), sex, education, physical activity, BMI (categorical), CVD, diabetes, depression, APOE genotype
  4. † P-values corrected for multiple testing by the Benjamini and Hochberg method
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193