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Table 1 Group differences in demographic, clinical, and biomarker characteristics

From: White matter hyperintensities are a prominent feature of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease that emerge prior to dementia

 

Non-carriersa

(N = 21)

Cognitively unimpaired carriersb

(n = 20)

Cognitively impaired carriersc

(n = 9)

Sig

Demographics

Age — mean (SD)

33.8 (8.7)

32.6 (8.8)

47.3 (3.5)

c > a***, c > b***

Education — mean (SD)

11.4 (3.3)

12.1 (2.6)

8.7 (4.1)

b > c*

Female — n (%)

14 (66.7)

12 (60.0)

6 (66.7)

ns

Cardiovascular risk factors

High blood pressure — n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

ns

Diabetes — n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

ns

Smoking — n (%)

1 (4.8)

2 (10.0)

2 (22.2)

ns

BMI — mean (SD)

23.6 (2.8)

23.3 (3.8)

23.8 (2.9)

ns

Cognitive status

FAST — median (IQR)

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

4 (2)

c > a***, c > b***

MMSE — mean (SD)

29.8 (0.4)

29.8 (0.7)

23.3 (3.2)

c < a***, c < b***

CERAD Word List Learning Composite — mean (SD)

36.6 (4.4)

37.3 (5.4)

10.8 (5.5)

c < a***, c < b***

Neuroimaging markers

nWMH Vol. *1000 — median (IQR)

1.07 (0.71)

0.85 (0.79)

6.37 (9.15)

c > a***, c > b***

Cerebral microbleeds — median (IQR)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

ns

Lacunes — median (IQR)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

ns

Superior parietal lobe cortical thickness  — median (IQR)

2.19 (0.17)

2.19 (0.17)

1.80 (0.23)

c < a***, c < b***

Cortical amyloid PET (SUVR) — median (IQR)

0.80 (0.09)

0.95 (0.27)

1.13 (0.09)

a < b***, a < c***

Cerebrospinal fluid markers

CSF Aβ42 — median (IQR)

495.1 (136.1)

357.8 (190.9)

233.6 (111.2)

a > b*, a > c**

CSF ptau — median (IQR)

18.82 (7.73)

36.25 (43.63)

69.40 (66.04)

a < b***, a < c***

  1. BMI Body Mass Index, SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, FAST Functional Assessment Staging Tool, MMSE Mini-Mental State Exam, nWMH Vol. Normalized white matter hyperintensity volume, SUVR Standardized uptake value ratio, PET Positron emission tomography, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, ptau Phospho-tau, Amyloid-beta. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001