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Table 2 Retrospective analysis of NACC dataset for cognition and clinical diagnosis reversion or conversion

From: Imipramine and olanzapine block apoE4-catalyzed polymerization of Aβ and show evidence of improving Alzheimer’s disease cognition

 

Imipramine vs. other antidepressants

Olanzapine vs. other antipsychotics

N subjects imipramine; other anti-depressants

Estimate

(95% C.I.)

P-val

N subjects olanzapine; other anti-psychotics

Estimate

(95% C.I.)

P-val

Cognitive exam, ΔMMSE score/year

 All subjects

40; 6,233

0.4186

(0.0017, 0.8355)

0.0490

94; 798

0.4937

(0.0451, 0.9423)

0.0310

APOE4 carriers

9; 2,748

0.6017

(-0.3156, 1.5190)

0.1985

51; 354

0.7781

(0.1051, 1.4512)

0.0235

APOE4 non-carriers

31; 3,485

0.1303

(-0.3812, 0.6419)

0.6175

43; 444

0.3755

(-0.3011, 1.0520)

0.2766

Clinical diagnosis reversion, hazard ratioa

 All subjects

22, 5,476

1.4487

(1.2280, 1.7092)

<0.0001

74; 679

1.7254

(0.7131, 4.1746)

0.2263

APOE4 carriers

7; 2,635

0.8667

(0.4757, 1.5790)

0.6401

41; 308

7.0936

(1.0589, 47.5200)

0.0444

APOE4 non-carriers

15; 2,841

1.5313

(1.3976, 1.6778)

<0.0001

33; 371

1.7422

(0.2738, 11.0870)

0.9983

Clinical diagnosis conversion, hazard ratiob

 All subjects

23; 3,987

0.9352

(0.7905, 1.1064)

0.9352

24; 191

1.3000

(0.8178, 2.0666)

0.2672

APOE4 carriers

7; 1,482

0.5286

(0.2585, 1.0808)

0.0806

11; 57

1.9395

(0.9464, 3.9748)

0.0704

APOE4 non-carriers

16; 2,505

1.1177

(0.9240, 1.3521)

0.2519

13; 134

0.7770

(0.3500, 1.7246)

0.5350

APOE4 carriers vs. non-carriers

23; 3,987

0.4729

(0.2256, 0.9915)

0.0474

24; 191

2.4963

(0.8532, 7.3033)

0.0949

  1. Cognitive exam (MMSE) scores and clinical diagnosis reversion or conversion were compared between imipramine or olanzapine and control groups using regression modeling and Cox proportional hazard ratios, respectively. Summary statistics for all analyses are provided in Additional file 14. aOnly subjects who reported use of a medication prior to reversion to a better clinical diagnosis were included. bOnly subjects who reported use of a medication prior to conversion to a worse clinical diagnosis were included