Table 2 Estimates of the direct and indirect effects of social and lifestyle indicators on ADRD biomarkers and cognitive performance using structural equation models
From | To | β | (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct effects | ||||
Early to midlife SI | SVD | − 0.001 | (− 0.042; 0.041) | 0.968 |
AD pathology | − 0.034 | (− 0.104; 0.036) | 0.339 | |
Neurodegeneration | − 0.030 | (− 0.068; 0.008) | 0.121 | |
Cognition | 0.364 | (0.322; 0.405) | 0.000 | |
Latelife LI | SVD | − 0.031 | (− 0.072; 0.009) | 0.129 |
AD pathology | − 0.036 | (− 0.105; 0.032) | 0.297 | |
Neurodegeneration | − 0.116 | (− 0.153; − 0.079) | 0.000 | |
Cognition | 0.076 | (0.033; 0.118) | 0.000 | |
AD pathology | Cognition | − 0.264 | (− 0.362; − 0.165) | 0.000 |
SVD | Cognition | − 0.039 | (− 0.093; 0.014) | 0.149 |
Neurodegeneration | Cognition | − 0.574 | (− 0.665; − 0.483) | 0.000 |
Indirect effects | ||||
Early to midlife SI | Cognition through AD pathology | 0.009 | (− 0.010; 0.028) | 0.344 |
Cognition through SVD | 0.000 | (− 0.002; 0.002) | 0.968 | |
Cognition through neurodegeneration | 0.017 | (− 0.005; 0.039) | 0.124 | |
Latelife LI | Cognition through AD pathology | 0.010 | (− 0.009; 0.028) | 0.308 |
Cognition through SVD | 0.001 | (− 0.001; 0.004) | 0.296 | |
Cognition through neurodegeneration | 0.066 | (0.042; 0.090) | 0.000 | |
Correlations | ||||
AD pathology | Neurodegeneration | 0.249 | (0.143; 0.355) | 0.000 |
AD pathology | SVD | 0.139 | (0.052; 0.227) | 0.002 |
SVD | Neurodegeneration | 0.225 | (0.167; 0.283) | 0.000 |