The relationship between retinal layers and brain areas in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory analysis

López-Cuenca, Inés; Marcos-Dolado, Alberto; Yus-Fuertes, Miguel; Salobrar-García, Elena; Elvira-Hurtado, Lorena; Fernández-Albarral, José A.; Salazar, Juan J.; Ramírez, Ana I.; Sánchez-Puebla, Lidia; Fuentes-Ferrer, Manuel Enrique; Barabash, Ana; Ramírez-Toraño, Federico; Gil-Martínez, Lidia; Arrazola-García, Juan; Gil, Pedro; de Hoz, Rosa; Ramírez, José M.

doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01008-5

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Table 4 Volumes of retinal sectors of each retinal layer

From: The relationship between retinal layers and brain areas in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory analysis

Retinal layer	Ring	Sector	FH– ApoE ε4–	FH+ ApoE ε4+	p-value
Total retina		C0	0.220 (0.208–0.232)	0.218 (0.207–0.222)	0.213
	Inner	N1	0.545 (0.537–0.562)	0.543 (0.533–0.558)	0.522
		S1	0.540 (0.527–0.555)	0.541 (0.532–0.553)	0.701
		T1	0.518 (0.503–0.529)	0.517 (0.507–0.529)	0.788
		I1	0.538 (0.523–0.551)	0.533 (0.523–0.549)	0.657
	Outer	N2	1.681 (1.618–1.745)	1.678 (1.628–1.734)	0.898
		S2	1.564 (1.520–1.645)	1.582 (1.559–1.605)	0,545
		T2	1.490 (1.439–1.571)	1.495 (1.467–1.539)	0.904
		I2	1.532 (1.488–1.596)	1.529 (1.495–1.575)	0.752
mRNFL		C0	0.010 (0.009–0.011)	0.009 (0.008–0.010)	0.044*
	Inner	N1	0.032 (0.031–0.035)	0.033 (0.031–0.035)	0.817
		S1	0.038 (0.036–0.042)	0.039 (0.036–0.041)	0.586
		T1	0.027 (0.027–0.028)	0.027 (0.026–0.028)	0.939
		I1	0.038 (0.035–0.041)	0.041 (0.038–0.042)	0.104
	Outer	N2	0.249 (0.233–0.274)	0.270 (0.236–0.286)	0.205
		S2	0.196 (0.184–0.217)	0.196 (0.186–0.217)	0.622
		T2	0.101 (0.095–0.111)	0.101 (0.095–0.106)	0.264
		I2	0.207 (0.191–0.240)	0.217 (0.196–0.233)	0.513
GCL		C0	0.012 (0.010–0.015)	0.011 (0.009–0.013)	0.112
	Inner	N1	0.083 (0.078–0.088)	0.082 (0.074–0.085)	0.321
		S1	0.085 (0.079–0.088)	0.082 (0.077–0.086)	0.247
		T1	0.074 (0.072–0.079)	0.075 (0.068–0.077)	0.355
		I1	0.082 (0.080–0.085)	0.082 (0.077–0.085)	0.478
	Outer	N2	0.204 (0.190–0.223)	0.207 (0.186–0.212)	0.369
		S2	0.186 (0.170–0.196)	0.180 (0.164–0.196)	0.548
		T2	0.186 (0.170–0.207)	0.180 (0.170–0.196)	0.504
		I2	0.180 (0.172–0.191)	0.175 (0.159–0.186)	0.087
IPL		C0	0.016 (0.015–0.019)	0.015 (0.014–0.017)	0.077
	Inner	N1	0.069 (0.066–0.071)	0.066 (0.063–0.070)	0.026*
		S1	0.068 (0.064–0.069)	0.064 (0.062–0.068)	0.068
		T1	0.066 (0.061–0.068)	0.063 (0.061–0.068)	0.170
		I1	0.066 (0.064–0.069)	0.064 (0.061–0.066)	0.019*
	Outer	N2	0.170 (0.148–0.175)	0.159 (0.143–0.166)	0.044*
		S2	0.154 (0.143–0.164)	0.148 (0.138–0.160)	0.142
		T2	0.178 (0.163–0.191)	0.170 (0.159–0.180)	0.103
		I2	0.154 (0.146–0.159)	0.143 (0.131–0.154)	0.006*
INL		C0	0.016 (0.014–0.020)	0.014 (0.013–0.017)	0.041*
	Inner	N1	0.068 (0.061–0.072)	0.065 (0.061–0.068)	0.313
		S1	0.063 (0.061–0.066)	0.065 (0.061–0.068)	0.449
		T1	0.060 (0.056–0.064)	0.060 (0.057–0.063)	0.925
		I1	0.067 (0.061–0.071)	0.065 (0.063–0.071)	0.792
	Outer	N2	0.186 (0.175–0.192)	0.180 (0.170–0.191)	0.177
		S2	0.167 (0.158–0.175)	0.164 (0.159–0.175)	0.929
		T2	0.175 (0.164–0.186)	0.170 (0.164–0.180)	0.463
		I2	0.170 (0.159–0.180)	0.164 (0.154–0.170)	0.045*
OPL		C0	0.020 (0.019–0.022)	0.020 (0.018–0.024)	0.710
	Inner	N1	0.050 (0.047–0.077)	0.052 (0.047–0.061)	0.463
		S1	0.049 (0.045–0.060)	0.049 (0.044–0.062)	0.984
		T1	0.048 (0.045–0.052)	0.049 (0.045–0.052)	0.441
		I1	0.053 (0.049–0.081)	0.049 (0.046–0.073)	0.089
	Outer	N2	0.162 (0.147–0.191)	0.159 (0.143–0.164)	0.203
		S2	0.138 (0.131–0.154)	0.140 (0.133–0.154)	0.476
		T2	0.148 (0.138–0.159)	0.143 (0.138–0.154)	0.554
		I2	0.159 (0.143–0.171)	0.143 (0.138–0.155)	0.007*
ONL		C0	0.075 (0.071–0.080)	0.077 (0.071–0.080)	0.861
	Inner	N1	0.115 (0.090–0.123)	0.119 (0.105–0.126)	0.236
		S1	0.108 (0.102–0.118)	0.112 (0.099–0.120)	0.909
		T1	0.115 (0.108–0.123)	0.118 (0.108–0.121)	0.736
		I1	0.104 (0.072–0.112)	0.106 (0.088–0.115)	0.367
	Outer	N2	0.281 (0.257–0.307)	0.302 (0.265–0.325)	0.110
		S2	0.307 (0.289–0.333)	0.323 (0.292–0.337)	0.198
		T2	0.292 (0.270–0.307)	0.305 (0.286–0.329)	0.062
		I2	0.260 (0.231–0.281)	0.270 (0.254–0.304)	0.070
RPE		C0	0.013 (0.012–0.013)	0.013 (0.012–0.013)	0.211
	Inner	N1	0.024 (0.022–0.025)	0.024 (0.022–0.027)	0.164
		S1	0.024 (0.022–0.025)	0.024 (0.022–0.025)	0.498
		T1	0.022 (0.022–0.024)	0.022 (0.022–0.025)	0.505
		I1	0.022 (0.022–0.024)	0.023 (0.022–0.025)	0.175
	Outer	N2	0.069 (0.064–0.074)	0.069 (0.064–0.074)	0.480
		S2	0.069 (0.069–0.074)	0.072 (0.069–0.074)	0.690
		T2	0.069 (0.064–0.069)	0.069 (0.064–0.069)	0.648
		I2	0.069 (0.064–0.069)	0.069 (0.062–0.070)	0.859

Median (interquartile range); *p < 0.05, in bold. Mann–Whitney U test. FH− participants without a family history of AD, FH+ participants with a family history of AD, ApoE ɛ4− noncarriers of ApoE ɛ4, ApoE ɛ4+ carriers of ApoE ɛ4, mRNFL macular retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL ganglion cell layer, IPL inner plexiform layer, INL inner nuclear layer, OPL outer plexiform layer, ONL outer nuclear layer, RPE retinal pigment epithelium, C0 central macular sector, N1 nasal sector of the inner macular ring, I1 inferior sector of the inner macular ring, T1 temporal sector of the inner macular ring, S1 superior sector of the inner macular ring, N2 nasal sector of the outer macular ring, I2 inferior sector of the outer macular ring, T2 temporal sector of the outer macular ring, S2 superior sector of the outer macular ring. Measurements are expressed in cubic millimeter

Back to article page

ISSN: 1758-9193

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com