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Table 1 Demographic and exposure characteristics of participant groups

From: A comparison between tau and amyloid-β cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer disease

 

No CTE/No AD

Low CTE

High CTE

Low AD

Int/High AD

CTE+AD

p

Sample size (n)

41

18

43

23

56

11

 

Age at death (S.E.M.)

74.1 (3.0)d

64.6 (4.6)f,d,e

74.8 (1.3)d

86.7 (1.1)a,b,c

81.1 (1.3)b

79.6 (2.8)b

<.001

Age range (max-min)

101–17

89–25

90–53

95–72

98–54

70–100

Cohort

 FHS

13

1

0

10

13

1

 

 UNITE

17

17

43

1

12

10

 

 HOPE

11

0

0

12

31

0

 

Sex m/f (%male)

33/8 (80.5%)c,e

18/0 (100%)e

43/0 (100%)a,d,e

14/9 (60.9%)c

27/29 (48.2%) a,b,c

10/1 (90.9%)

<.001

CTE stage

 Stage I

0

6 (33.3%)

0

0

0

1 (9.1%)

 

 Stage II

0

12 (66.7%)

0

0

0

1 (9.1%)

 

 Stage III

0

0

18 (41.9%)

0

0

0

 

 Stage IV

0

0

25 (58.1%)

0

0

9 (81.8%)

 

Braak Score

 0

15 (36.6%)

7 (38.9%)

1 (2.3%)

0

0

0

 

 I-II

12 (29.3%)

5 (27.8%)

4 (9.3%)

6 (26.1%)

0

0

 

 III-IV

14 (34.1%)

5 (27.8%)

31 (72.1%)

17 (73.9%)

7 (12.5%)

1 (9.1%)

 

 V-VI

0

1 (5.6%)

7 (16.3%)

0

49 (87.5%)

10 (90.9%)

 

CERAD Score

 0

41 (100%)

14 (77.8%)

21 (48.8%)

0

0

0

 

 1

0

4 (22.2%)

22 (51.2%)

22 (95.7%)

8 (14.3%)

1 (9.1%)

 

 2

0

0

0

1 (4.3%)

26 (46.4%)

6 (54.5%)

 

 3

0

0

0

0

22 (39.3%)

4 (36.4%)

 

FTLD pathology

10 (27.7%)d,e

5 (27.8%)d,e

6 (14.6%)

0 (0%)a,b

3 (5.4%)a,b

2 (18.2%)

<.05

Tau

9 (25%)

5 (27.8%)

6 (14.6%)

0

2 (4.3%)

2 (18.2%)

TDP 43

1 (2.7%)

5 (27.8%)

4 (9.8%)

0

2 (4.3%)

1 (9%)

n total

36

18

41

15

46

11

LBD pathology

      

0.31

 Brainstem

2 (4.4%)

1 (5.6%)

6 (14%)

2 (13.3%)

2 (4.34%)

0 (0%)

 Limbic/neocortical

4 (9.8%)

2 (11.1%)

10 (23.3%)

1 (6.6%)

8 (17.4%)

4 (36.4%)

n

36

18

43

15

46

11

Contact sports play

Yes 12 (29.2%)

Yes 17 (94.4%)

Yes 43 (100%)

Yes 0

Yes 9 (16%)

Yes 10 (90%)

.013

No 2 (4.8%)

No 0

No 0

No 1 (4%)

No 1 (1.7%)

No NA

Missing 27 (70.7%)

Missing 1 (5.6%)

Missing 0

Missing 22 (96%)

Missing 46 (82%)

Missing 1 (9.1%)

CSF hemoglobin (S.E.M.)

481.0 (106.6)

648.3 (261.2)

465.1 (106.5)

555.6 (183.6)

386.5 (93.1)

370.5 (192.7)

0.85

n

36

11

33

23

49

11

Postmortem interval (hours) (S.E.M)95% CI

23.2 (3.15)b 16.82–29.56

46.6 (6.34)a,d,e 33.2–59.99

33.88(3.02)e 27.77–39.98

21.40 (3.85)b 13.43–29.37

20.70 (2.31)b,c 16.1–25.32

24.99 (4.05) 15.98–34.0

<.001

N

40

18

42

23

56

11

PMI range (Max-Min)

80.5.00–1.75

101.00–5.5

96.00–2.00

96.00–5.83

99.15–1.75

48.00–3.00

RIN (S.E.M.) n

6.2 (0.2) 35

5.76 (0.5) 16

5.6 (0.2) 31

5.7 (0.5) 12

5.8 (0.2) 39

4.7 (0.4) 10

0.15

pH (S.E.M.) n

6.14 (0.08) 26

6.14 (0.10) 14

6.17 (0.1) 24

6.07 (0.13) 11

6.08 (0.06) 36

5.97 (0.8) 6

0.83

  1. Data are presented mean with standard error of the (S.E.M.), years for age at death, and contact sports exposure and as #yes/#no (%) unless otherwise indicated
  2. CERAD plaque density was rated as none (0), sparse (1), moderate (2), or frequent (3) for neuritic plaques
  3. Int/High intermediate/high, AD Alzheimer disease, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease, CTE chronic traumatic encephalopathy, FTLD frontotemporal lobar degeneration, LBD Lewy body disease, RIN RNA integrity number
  4. aDifferent from no CTE/no AD (p <.05, Bonferroni corrected)
  5. bDifferent from low CTE (p <.05, Bonferroni corrected)
  6. cDifferent from high CTE (p <.05, Bonferroni corrected)
  7. dDifferent from low AD (p <.05, Bonferroni corrected)
  8. eDifferent from intermediate/high AD (p <.05, Bonferroni corrected)
  9. fDifferent from CTE+AD (p <.05, Bonferroni corrected)
  10. #ANOVA with Bonferroni correction
  11. *χ2 test for proportions between all pathology groups