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Table 4 MR analysis of the association between educational attainment and AD using the same educational attainment genetic variants

From: Mendelian randomization highlights significant difference and genetic heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease GWAS and self-report proxy phenotype GWAX

Dataset

Method

OR

95% CI

P value

GWAS

IVW

0.68

0.57–0.81

8.04E−04

Weighted median

0.65

0.51–0.84

1.00E–03

MR-Egger

0.39

0.19–0.82

1.20E−02

MR-PRESSO

0.68

0.57–0.81

2.64E−05

GWAX 2018

IVW

1.09

1.00–1.19

5.00E−02

Weighted median

1.01

0.89–1.16

8.67E−01

MR-Egger

0.92

0.71–1.17

4.88E−01

MR-PRESSO

1.09

1.00–1.19

5.17E−02

GWAX 2021

IVW

1.88

1.62–2.18

1.14E−16

Weighted median

1.88

1.52–2.32

5.14E−09

MR-Egger

1.88

1.04–3.39

3.60E−02

MR-PRESSO

1.88

1.62–2.18

9.03E−14

GWAS+GWAX 2018

IVW

0.99

0.91–1.07

7.87E−01

Weighted median

0.92

0.81–1.04

1.63E−01

MR-Egger

0.95

0.74–1.22

7.05E−01

MR-PRESSO

0.99

0.91–1.07

7.87E−01

GWAS+GWAX 2019

IVW

0.96

0.93–0.98

1.00E−03

Weighted median

0.95

0.92–0.99

9.00E−03

MR-Egger

0.91

0.81–1.01

7.03E−02

MR-PRESSO

0.96

0.93–0.98

7.63E−04

GWAS+GWAX 2021

IVW

1.21

1.08–1.36

1.00E-03

Weighted median

1.19

1.01–1.40

3.90E−02

MR-Egger

1.03

0.65–1.65

8.90E−01

MR-PRESSO

1.21

1.08–1.36

1.33E−03

  1. The significance of the association between educational attainment and AD was at P < 0.05
  2. CI confidence interval, IVW, inverse-variance weighted, MR-PRESSO Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, GWAS genome-wide association studies, GWAX GWAS by proxy, GWAS+GWAX meta-analyses of GWAS and GWAX