Fig. 6

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) for six cohort studies. Six cohorts include the following: (i) pioglitazone (n = 101,650) vs. matched control population (n = 402,184), (ii) pioglitazone vs. glipizide (a diabetes drug, n = 191,656); (iii) febuxostat (n = 24,218) vs. control (n = 95,192), (iv) atenolol (n = 366,277) vs. control (n = 1,449,815); (v) nadolol (n = 19,253) vs. control (n = 76,136); and (vi) sotalol (n = 43,819) vs. control (n = 172,375). For each comparison, we estimated the propensity score for confounding factor (Table 2) adjustment as described in “Material and methods”