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Table 2 Fatty acid-related metabolites identified by lineal modeling to be associated with cognitive decline, ApoE-ε4 genotype and sex

From: Apolipoprotein E and sex modulate fatty acid metabolism in a prospective observational study of cognitive decline

 

Whole study population

ApoE-ε4 stratification

Sex stratification

CD vs. CTL

CDε4+ vs. CTLε4+

CDε4- vs. CTLε4-

CTLε4+ vs. CTLε4-

CDε4+ vs. CDε4-

CDF vs. CTLF

CDM vs. CTLM

CTLF vs. CTLM

CDF vs. CDM

Free fatty acids

Myristic acid

1.38 (3.1·10-2)

1.05 (NS)

1.39 (6.0·10-2)

1.12 (NS)

1.08 (NS)

1.53 (3.3·10-2)

1.13 (NS)

1.49 (NS)

2.03 (1.3·10-2)

Palmitic acid

1.09 (NS)

0.50 (5.3·10-2)

1.27 (NS)

2.22 (3.9·10-3)

0.87 (NS)

1.16 (NS)

0.97 (NS)

0.90 (NS)

1.07 (NS)

Palmitoleic acid

1.14 (NS)

0.60 (NS)

1.29 (NS)

2.08 (1.1·10-2)

0.96 (NS)

1.22 (NS)

1.00 (NS)

1.25 (NS)

1.51 (6.4·10-2)

Margaric acid

1.13 (NS)

0.81 (NS)

1.21 (NS)

1.56 (NS)

1.05 (NS)

1.18 (NS)

1.05 (NS)

0.97 (NS)

1.08 (NS)

Stearic acid

1.03 (NS)

0.39

(5.5·10-3)

1.25 (NS)

2.47 (1.7·10-3)

0.78 (NS)

1.07 (NS)

0.96 (NS)

0.88 (NS)

0.98 (NS)

Oleic acid

1.19 (NS)

0.50 (7.8·10-2)

1.41 (2.2·10-2)

2.28 (2.3·10-3)

0.80 (NS)

1.26 (NS)

1.06 (NS)

0.99 (NS)

1.18 (NS)

Linoleic acid

1.22 (9.7·10-2)

0.78 (NS)

1.25 (2.2·10-2)

1.62 (4.4·10-2)

0.94 (NS)

1.29 (6.1·10-2)

1.10 (NS)

0.86 (NS)

1.01 (NS)

Linolenic acid

1.12 (NS)

0.65 (NS)

1.25 (6.7·10-2)

1.74 (9.0·10-3)

0.91 (NS)

1.26 (7.8·10-2)

0.89 (NS)

0.93 (NS)

1.32 (NS)

Arachidonic acid

1.05 (NS)

0.60 (NS)

1.18 (NS)

1.87 (6.0·10-3)

0.95 (NS)

1.15 (NS)

0.89 (NS)

0.78 (8.2·10-2)

1.01 (NS)

Eicosapentaenoic acid

0.99 (NS)

0.68 (7.8·10-2)

1.07 (NS)

1.43 (3.9·10-2)

0.91 (NS)

1.08 (NS)

0.84 (NS)

0.80 (NS)

1.03 (NS)

Docosatetraenoic acid

1.18 (9.7·10-2)

0.73 (NS)

1.30 (1.2·10-2)

1.76 (1.7·10-3)

0.99 (NS)

1.31 (3.3·10-2)

0.97 (NS)

0.81 (8.2·10-2)

1.10 (NS)

Docosapentaenoic acid

1.26 (NS)

0.75 (NS)

1.39 (3.4·10-2)

1.86 (1.7·10-2)

1.01 (NS)

1.38 (3.9·10-2)

1.04 (NS)

0.80 (NS)

1.06 (NS)

Docosahexaenoic acid

1.09 (NS)

0.60 (7.8·10-2)

1.23 (NS)

1.75 (9.0·10-3)

0.86 (NS)

1.24 (NS)

0.85 (NS)

0.74 (5.4·10-2)

1.07 (NS)

Acyl-carnitines

Acetyl-L-carnitine

1.40 (1.6·10-2)

0.88 (NS)

1.54 (4.5·10-3)

1.75 (2.0·10-2)

1.00 (NS)

1.43 (3.3·10-2)

1.35 (NS)

0.96 (NS)

1.02 (NS)

Octanoyl-L-carnitine

1.46 (2.3·10-2)

0.87 (NS)

1.62 (1.2·10-2)

1.50 (NS)

0.80 (NS)

1.60 (3.3·10-2)

1.23 (NS)

0.77 (NS)

1.01 (NS)

Decanoyl-L-carnitine

1.43 (3.2·10-2)

0.79 (NS)

1.61 (1.2·10-2)

1.51 (NS)

0.73 (NS)

1.54 (3.3·10-2)

1.24 (NS)

0.78 (NS)

0.97 (NS)

Undecanoyl-L-carnitine

1.20 (1.6·10-2)

0.96 (NS)

1.25 (9.7·10-3)

1.16 (NS)

0.89 (NS)

1.23 (3.3·10-2)

1.15 (NS)

0.96 (NS)

1.02 (NS)

Lauroyl-L-carnitine

1.44 (1.6·10-2)

0.79 (NS)

1.62 (6.0·10-3)

1.77 (3.6·10-2)

0.87 (NS)

1.56 (3.3·10-2)

1.22 (NS)

0.73 (8.2·10-2)

0.94 (NS)

Myristoyl-L-carnitine

1.34 (1.6·10-2)

0.93 (NS)

1.44 (6.0·10-3)

1.62 (1.2·10-2)

1.04 (NS)

1.39 (3.3·10-2)

1.24 (NS)

0.89 (NS)

1.00 (NS)

Palmitoyl-L-carnitine

1.27 (2.2·10-2)

1.05 (NS)

1.32 (1.2·10-2)

1.44 (4.4·10-2)

1.14 (NS)

1.32 (3.3·10-2)

1.18 (NS)

0.74 (8.2·10-2)

0.82 (NS)

Oleoyl-L-carnitine

1.33 (1.8·10-2)

0.89 (NS)

1.45 (9.7·10-3)

1.58 (8.0·10-2)

0.97 (NS)

1.39 (3.3·10-2)

1.24 (NS)

0.80 (NS)

0.89 (NS)

Linoleoyl-L-carnitine

1.38 (1.6·10-2)

1.11 (NS)

1.43 (9.7·10-3)

1.36 (NS)

1.06 (NS)

1.40 (3.3·10-2)

1.33 (NS)

0.54 (1.2·10-3)

0.57 (1.8·10-3)

Other metabolites

Citric acid

0.95 (NS)

0.35 (5.3·10-2)

1.16 (NS)

2.80 (3.6·10-2)

0.84 (NS)

0.88 (NS)

1.11 (NS)

1.09 (NS)

0.87 (NS)

Oxaloacetic acid

0.97 (NS)

2.88 (NS)

0.78 (NS)

0.41 (7.0·10-2)

1.50 (NS)

0.93 (NS)

1.05 (NS)

0.84 (NS)

0.74 (NS)

Creatine

1.00 (NS)

0.59 (NS)

1.11 (NS)

1.40 (NS)

0.74 (NS)

0.95 (NS)

1.11 (NS)

3.30 (1.7·10-9)

2.84 (3.8·10-8)

Creatinine

1.10 (NS)

1.45 (NS)

1.04 (NS)

0.73 (8.0·10-2)

1.02 (NS)

1.03 (NS)

1.26 (NS)

0.61 (4.9·10-4)

0.50 (1.8·10-9)

Pantothenic acid

1.33 (1.6·10-2)

1.34 (NS)

1.32 (1.2·10-2)

1.23 (NS)

1.25 (NS)

1.37 (3.3·10-2)

1.25 (NS)

1.07 (NS)

1.16 (NS)

  1. The results are expressed as fold changes (i.e., the ratio between the mean concentrations detected in the two study groups being compared), with FDR-corrected p-values in brackets.
  2. Abbreviations: CD, cognitive decline; CTL, control; CDε4+, cognitive decline individuals carrying the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene; CDε4-, cognitive decline individuals non-carrying the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene; CTLε4+, control individuals carrying the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene; CTLε4-, control individuals non-carrying the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene; CDF, cognitive decline female individuals; CDM, cognitive decline male individuals; CTLF, control female individuals; CTLM, control male individuals; NS, non-significant.