Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics by young and late-onset dementia
From: Dementia in Southeast Asia: influence of onset-type, education, and cerebrovascular disease
Variable | Young-onset dementia (n=458) | Late-onset dementia (n=1148) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Sex (female), n (%) | 215 (47.0)b | 651 (56.7) | <0.001 |
Race (Chinese), n (%) | 359 (78.4) | 1012 (88.2) | <0.001 |
Age (year ± SD) | 58.0 ± 5.9 | 76.48 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
Years of education (year ± SD) | 9.6 ± 4.7 | 6.52 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
Baseline clinical history | |||
Diabetes, n (%) | 72 (15.7) | 255 (22.2) | 0.002 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 136 (29.7) | 537 (46.8) | <0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 143 (31.2) | 483 (42.1) | <0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 71 (15.5) | 145 (12.6) | 0.010 |
Alcohol intake, n (%) | 55 (12.0) | 91 (7.9) | 0.007 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 18 (3.9) | 101 (8.8) | 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 4 (0.9) | 27 (2.4) | 0.074 |
Family history of dementia, n (%) | 68 (14.9) | 106 (9.2) | 0.002 |
Cognitive measures | |||
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE score ± SD) | 18.9 ± 6.9 | 17.7 ± 6.1 | 0.003 |
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA score ± SD) | 18.1 ± 6.2 | 16.8 ± 5.1 | 0.002 |
MMSE-annual decline, score ± SD | 2.1 ± 6.9 | 1.5 ± 6.1 | 0.233 |
MoCA-annual decline, score ± SD | 1.2 ± 6.2 | 0.6 ± 5.1 | 0.315 |
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (≥5) | 80 (17.5) | 209 (18.2) | 0.726 |
Dementia sub-types | |||
Alzheimer’s type dementia, n (%) | 199 (43.5) | 762 (66.4) | <0.001 |
Vascular dementia, n (%) | 83 (18.1) | 157 (13.7) | 0.029 |
Frontotemporal dementia, n (%) | 112 (24.5) | 66 (5.8) | <0.001 |
Parkinsonism spectrum1, n (%) | 38 (8.3) | 141 (12.3) | 0.028 |
Rapidly progressing dementia, n (%) | 13 (2.8) | 9 (0.8) | 0.003 |
Autoimmune dementia, n (%) | 13 (2.8) | 13 (1.1) | 0.026 |