The association of antidiabetic medications and Mini-Mental State Examination scores in patients with diabetes and dementia

Table 3 Comparisons between non-metformin antidiabetic drugs and annual point change in Mini-Mental State Examination scores

	Unweighted analysis Drug vs drug			Weighted analysis Drug vs drug			Imputed weighted analysis Drug vs drug
	β coefficients (95% CI)	Z	p	β coefficients (95% CI)	Z	p	β coefficients (95% CI)	Z	p
Propensity-score-matched cohorts
Insulin vs sulfonylurea x time (259 user pairs)	0.14 (−0.28; 0.56)	0.65	0.52	0.29 (−0.35; 0.92)	0.89	0.37	0.29 (−0.32; 0.90)	0.93	0.35
Insulin vs TZD x time (138 users vs 35 users)	−0.23 (−1.04; 0.58)	−0.56	0.58	−0.86 (−1.95; 0.24)	−1.53	0.13	−0.90 (−2.03; 0.23)	−1.56	0.12
Insulin vs DPP-4i x time (199 users vs 51 users)	−0.82 (−1.72; 0.07)	−1.80	0.07	−1.00 (−1.95; −0.04)	−2.04	0.042	−0.93 (−1.87; 0.01)	−1.94	0.053
Sulfonylurea vs DPP-4i x time (141 users vs 38 users)	−1.07 (−2.10; −0.05)	−2.05	0.040	−1.19 (−2.33; −0.04)	−2.05	0.041	−1.15 (−2.33; 0.02)	−1.93	0.054
Sulfonylurea vs TZD x time (111 users vs 31 users)	−0.62 (−1.58; 0.34)	−1.26	0.21	−1.00 (−2.34; 0.35)	−1.46	0.15	−0.98 (−2.34; 0.38)	−1.41	0.16
DPP-4i vs TZD x time (45 user pairs)	0.15 (−0.78; 1.08)	0.31	0.76	−0.19 (−1.48; 1.10)	−0.29	0.77	−0.16 (−1.48; 1.15)	−0.25	0.81

Based on random-slopes linear mixed-effects models. Medication use was assigned, if a patient had a dispensation of the primary medication prior to diagnosis of dementia, while never having a dispensation of the compared medication prior to diagnosis of dementia and vice versa. Weighting was performed for the inverse probability of remaining in the study. Time was expressed in years

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