Metformin Yes (n=514) | Metformin No (514) | p | SMD | DPP-4i Yes (103) | DPP-4i No (389) | p | SMD | Sulfonylurea Yes (640) | Sulfonylurea No (640) | p | SMD | |
Age | 79.1 (6.3) | 79.3 (6.5) | 0.61 | −0.03 | 77.8 (5.6) | 77.6 (6.7) | 0.80 | 0.05 | 79.1 (6.4) | 79.1 (6.2) | 0.90 | 0.01 |
Female | 261 (50.8%) | 253 (49.2%) | 0.66 | 0.03 | 49 (47.6%) | 54 (52.4%) | 0.71 | 326 (50.9%) | 324 (50.6%) | 0.91 | −0.01 | |
Living alone | 204 (39.7%) | 204 (39.7%) | 0.74 | −0.01 | 34 (33.0%) | 123 (31.6%) | 0.96 | −0.07 | 248 (38.8%) | 244 (38.1%) | 0.91 | −0.02 |
Institutionalized | 6 (1.2%) | 9 (1.8%) | 2 (1.9%) | 8 (2.1%) | 13 (2.0%) | 15 (2.3%) | ||||||
Baseline MMSE | 22 (5) | 22 (6) | 0.95 | 23 (5) | 23 (5) | 0.53 | 22 (6) | 23 (5) | 0.27 | |||
AD | 277 (53.9%) | 298 (58.0%) | 0.19 | 0.08 | 56 (54.4%) | 222 (57.1%) | 0.62 | 335 (52.3%) | 348 (54.4%) | 0.47 | 0.04 | |
MixDem | 237 (46.1%) | 216 (42.0%) | 47 (45.6%) | 167 (42.9%) | 305 (47.7%) | 292 (45.6%) | ||||||
Diabetes duration | 6.2 (6.3) | 5.7 (6.1) | 0.30 | 0.04 | 8.9 (4.8) | 8.9 (4.7) | 0.59 | −0.01 | 7.9 (4.7) | 8.1 (5.9) | 0.88 | −0.02 |
Charlson index | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.52 | −0.03 | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.37 | 0.07 | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.52 | 0.01 |
Renal disease | 22 (4.3%) | 24 (4.7%) | 0.76 | −0.02 | 10 (9.7%) | 23 (5.9%) | 0.17 | 0.06 | 28 (4.4%) | 30 (4.7%) | 0.79 | −0.01 |
Antihypertensives | 398 (77.4%) | 387 (75.3%) | 0.42 | 0.06 | 87 (84.5%) | 326 (83.8%) | 0.87 | −0.01 | 524 (81.9%) | 518 (80.9%) | 0.67 | 0.02 |
Statins | 351 (68.3%) | 329 (64.0%) | 0.15 | 0.10 | 91 (88.3%) | 273 (70.2%) | <0.001 | 468 (73.1%) | 461 (72.0%) | 0.66 | 0.02 | |
Antithrombotics | 366 (71.2%) | 350 (68.1%) | 0.28 | 0.07 | 79 (76.7%) | 273 (70.2%) | 0.19 | 466 (72.8%) | 464 (72.5%) | 0.90 | 0.01 | |
Antipsychotics | 21 (4.1%) | 14 (2.7%) | 0.23 | 0.08 | 4 (3.9%) | 11 (2.8%) | 0.53 | 0.06 | 12 (1.9%) | 12 (1.9%) | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Antidepressants | 158 (30.7%) | 162 (31.5%) | 0.79 | −0.02 | 26 (25.2%) | 98 (25.2%) | 0.99 | 0.01 | 190 (29.7%) | 188 (29.4%) | 0.90 | 0.01 |
ChEI | 127 (24.7%) | 128 (24.9%) | 0.94 | −0.01 | 20 (19.4%) | 85 (21.9%) | 0.59 | −0.04 | 144 (22.5%) | 150 (23.4%) | 0.69 | −0.02 |
Other GLDs | 162 (31.5%) | 171 (33.3%) | 0.55 | 0.04 | 98 (95.1%) | 324 (83.3%) | 0.002 | 492 (76.9%) | 479 (74.8%) | 0.40 | 0.05 | |
Insulin | 161 (31.3%) | 150 (29.2%) | 0.46 | 0.04 | 52 (50.5%) | 149 (38.3%) | 0.03 | 268 (41.9%) | 256 (40.0%) | 0.50 | 0.04 | |
Income | ||||||||||||
Low | 171 (33.3%) | 179 (34.8%) | 0.49 | −0.01 | 28 (27.2%) | 112 (28.8%) | 0.87 | −0.01 | 226 (35.3%) | 222 (34.7%) | 0.95 | −0.01 |
Middle | 175 (34.0%) | 157 (30.5%) | 35 (34.0%) | 122 (31.4%) | 196 (30.6%) | 201 (31.4%) | ||||||
High | 168 (32.7%) | 178 (34.6%) | 40 (38.8%) | 155 (39.8%) | 218 (34.1%) | 217 (33.9%) | ||||||
Total eligible | 1341 (38.3%) | 532 (96.6%) | 103 (100%) | 1770 (22.0%) | 664 (96.3%) | 1209 (52.9%) | ||||||
Insulin Yes (543) | Insulin No (543) | p | SMD | TZD Yes (67) | TZD No (260) | p | SMD | |||||
Age | 77.9 (6.9) | 78.2 (6.4) | 0.51 | −0.04 | 76.3 (5.9) | 76.4 (6.4) | 0.91 | 0.01 | ||||
Female | 271 (49.9%) | 272 (50.1%) | 0.76 | −0.02 | 40 (59.7%) | 142 (54.6%) | 0.46 | |||||
Living alone | 196 (36.1%) | 193 (35.5%) | 0.29 | 0.01 | 13 (19.4%) | 53 (20.4%) | 0.68 | −0.04 | ||||
Institutionalized | 14 (2.6%) | 7 (1.3%) | 1 (1.5%) | 9 (3.5%) | ||||||||
Baseline MMSE | 23 (6) | 23 (5) | 0.97 | 22 (5) | 23 (6) | 0.84 | ||||||
AD | 295 (54.3%) | 303 (55.8%) | 0.63 | 0.03 | 44 (65.7%) | 154 (59.2%) | 0.34 | |||||
MixDem | 248 (45.7%) | 240 (44.2%) | 23 (34.3%) | 106 (40.8%) | ||||||||
Diabetes duration | 8.3 (4.7) | 8.4 (5.0) | 0.85 | 0.01 | 8.3 (4.9) | 8.7 (5.1) | 0.99 | −0.01 | ||||
Charlson index | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.55 | −0.02 | 1 (1) | 1.5 (1) | 0.74 | −0.02 | ||||
Renal disease | 24 (4.4%) | 23 (4.2%) | 0.88 | 0.01 | 2 (3.0%) | 11 (4.2%) | 0.64 | |||||
Antihypertensives | 438 (80.7%) | 433 (79.7%) | 0.70 | 0.02 | 56 (83.6%) | 216 (83.1%) | 0.92 | |||||
Statins | 404 (74.4%) | 394 (72.6%) | 0.49 | 0.04 | 50 (74.6%) | 196 (75.4%) | 0.90 | |||||
Antithrombotics | 399 (73.5%) | 395 (72.7%) | 0.78 | 0.02 | 44 (65.7%) | 183 (70.4%) | 0.46 | |||||
Antipsychotics | 18 (3.3%) | 19 (3.5%) | 0.87 | −0.01 | 2 (3.0%) | 7 (2.7%) | 1.00 | |||||
Antidepressants | 182 (33.5%) | 187 (34.4%) | 0.75 | −0.02 | 21 (31.3%) | 82 (31.5%) | 0.98 | |||||
ChEI | 132 (24.3%) | 141 (26.0%) | 0.53 | −0.04 | 16 (23.9%) | 59 (22.7%) | 0.84 | 0.01 | ||||
Other GLDs | 459 (84.5%) | 455 (83.8%) | 0.74 | 0.02 | 65 (97.0%) | 249 (95.8%) | 0.64 | 0.07 | ||||
Insulin | 32 (47.8%) | 110 (42.3%) | 0.42 | |||||||||
Income | ||||||||||||
Low | 190 (35.0%) | 195 (35.9%) | 0.73 | −0.01 | 22 (32.8%) | 83 (31.9%) | 0.98 | |||||
Middle | 167 (30.8%) | 155 (28.5%) | 21 (31.3%) | 81 (31.2%) | ||||||||
High | 186 (34.3%) | 193 (35.5%) | 24 (35.8%) | 96 (36.9%) | ||||||||
Total eligible | 645 (84.2%) | 1228 (44.2%) | 68 (99.0%) | 1805 (14.4%) |